2 Implementation of EU Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) …
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physical-chemical perspective (21,924 km), corresponding to the classes of quality,
in conformity with the Order 1146/2002—is the following: 3547 km (16.2%)—very
good status; 6492.5 km (29.6%) are 2nd class—good status; 7072.5 km (32.3%)
are 3rd class—moderate status; 3141 km (14.3%) are 4th class—satisfactory status;
1671 km (7.6%) are 5th class—unsatisfactory status [54, 98].
The classification of rivers from the biological perspective is done based of the
saprobic index of the macroinvertebrates (the Pantle–Buck method). The evaluation
is based on the Order 1146/2002 concerning the reference objectives for the classification of the quality of surface waters. Out of the total length of 20,877 km of
streams monitored from the biological perspective, the following are worth outlining
[54, 98]:
– 2293 km (11%) very good status (oligosaprobic);
– 11,072.2 km (53%) good status (N-mesosaprobic);
– 5585.8 km (26.8%) moderate status (N-O-mesosaprobic);
– 1440 km (6.9%) satisfactory status (O-mesosaprobic);
– 486 km (2.3%) unsatisfactory status (polysaprobic).
The quality of water within the 22 natural lakes studied is the following: 2
(9.1%)—very good quality; 2 (9.1%)—good quality; 7 (31.8%)—moderate quality; 3
(13.6%)—satisfactory quality; 8 (36.4%)—unsatisfactory quality [54, 98]. The quality of water within the 96 reservoirs is the following: 17 (17.7%)—very good quality;
36 (37.5%)—good quality; 35 (36.5%)—moderate quality; 7 (7.3%)—satisfactory
quality; 1 (1%)—unsatisfactory quality [54, 98].
The trophicity degree of lakes depends on the nutrients (total azote, total phosphorus) and on phytoplankton biomass: 0 (0%)—ultraoligotrophic; 1 (4.6%)—
oligotrophic; 3 (13.6%)—mesotrophic; 9 (40.9%)—eutrophic; 9 (40.9%)—hypertrophic [54, 98]. Within the category of reservoirs: 16 (16.7%)—ultraoligotrophic;
28 (29.2%)—oligotrophic; 21 (21.9)—mesotrophic; 11 (11.4%)—eutrophic; 20
(20.8%)—hypertrophic [54, 98].
The quality of coastal waters depends on the quality of Danubian waters because
the latter contributes with 99.53% nutrients; 99% total mineral azote; 91.83% phosphorus from orthophosphates. The littoral currents with a N-S direction favours the
dispersion of Danubian pollutants in the coastal waters [54, 98, 100]. The eutrophication of waters was frequently manifested in the period 1970–1990 and more rarely
after the year 1990 when the Romanian economy lapsed.
The criteria of the European guideline were the basis for identifying surface bodies
of water on the Romanian territory. The criteria used for the delimitation of bodies
of water are as follows: categories of surface water; the typology of surface waters;
the physical-geographic and the hydromorphological characteristics of the basin; the
pressures and the status of surface waters; the limits of the protected areas [54, 98].
From this point of view, 3715 freshwater bodies were delimited, of which eight for
the Danube and the Danube Delta, including the Razim-Sinoie lagoon complex. The
average length of bodies of water is 21.3 km (with the Danube). Of all bodies of
water, 1368 (37%) represent non-permanent bodies of water. Six transitory bodies
of water were delimited (three fluvial, on the Chilia, Sulina and St George branch),
45
physical-chemical perspective (21,924 km), corresponding to the classes of quality,
in conformity with the Order 1146/2002—is the following: 3547 km (16.2%)—very
good status; 6492.5 km (29.6%) are 2nd class—good status; 7072.5 km (32.3%)
are 3rd class—moderate status; 3141 km (14.3%) are 4th class—satisfactory status;
1671 km (7.6%) are 5th class—unsatisfactory status [54, 98].
The classification of rivers from the biological perspective is done based of the
saprobic index of the macroinvertebrates (the Pantle–Buck method). The evaluation
is based on the Order 1146/2002 concerning the reference objectives for the classification of the quality of surface waters. Out of the total length of 20,877 km of
streams monitored from the biological perspective, the following are worth outlining
[54, 98]:
– 2293 km (11%) very good status (oligosaprobic);
– 11,072.2 km (53%) good status (N-mesosaprobic);
– 5585.8 km (26.8%) moderate status (N-O-mesosaprobic);
– 1440 km (6.9%) satisfactory status (O-mesosaprobic);
– 486 km (2.3%) unsatisfactory status (polysaprobic).
The quality of water within the 22 natural lakes studied is the following: 2
(9.1%)—very good quality; 2 (9.1%)—good quality; 7 (31.8%)—moderate quality; 3
(13.6%)—satisfactory quality; 8 (36.4%)—unsatisfactory quality [54, 98]. The quality of water within the 96 reservoirs is the following: 17 (17.7%)—very good quality;
36 (37.5%)—good quality; 35 (36.5%)—moderate quality; 7 (7.3%)—satisfactory
quality; 1 (1%)—unsatisfactory quality [54, 98].
The trophicity degree of lakes depends on the nutrients (total azote, total phosphorus) and on phytoplankton biomass: 0 (0%)—ultraoligotrophic; 1 (4.6%)—
oligotrophic; 3 (13.6%)—mesotrophic; 9 (40.9%)—eutrophic; 9 (40.9%)—hypertrophic [54, 98]. Within the category of reservoirs: 16 (16.7%)—ultraoligotrophic;
28 (29.2%)—oligotrophic; 21 (21.9)—mesotrophic; 11 (11.4%)—eutrophic; 20
(20.8%)—hypertrophic [54, 98].
The quality of coastal waters depends on the quality of Danubian waters because
the latter contributes with 99.53% nutrients; 99% total mineral azote; 91.83% phosphorus from orthophosphates. The littoral currents with a N-S direction favours the
dispersion of Danubian pollutants in the coastal waters [54, 98, 100]. The eutrophication of waters was frequently manifested in the period 1970–1990 and more rarely
after the year 1990 when the Romanian economy lapsed.
The criteria of the European guideline were the basis for identifying surface bodies
of water on the Romanian territory. The criteria used for the delimitation of bodies
of water are as follows: categories of surface water; the typology of surface waters;
the physical-geographic and the hydromorphological characteristics of the basin; the
pressures and the status of surface waters; the limits of the protected areas [54, 98].
From this point of view, 3715 freshwater bodies were delimited, of which eight for
the Danube and the Danube Delta, including the Razim-Sinoie lagoon complex. The
average length of bodies of water is 21.3 km (with the Danube). Of all bodies of
water, 1368 (37%) represent non-permanent bodies of water. Six transitory bodies
of water were delimited (three fluvial, on the Chilia, Sulina and St George branch),