44
G. Romanescu et al.
• Modernizing and extending of the wastewater treatment stations within the industrial units, taking into account the provisions of the Position Paper concerning the
Directive 76/464/EEC concerning the priority/priority hazardous substances. The
attainment rhythm is provided in the Position Paper.
• Applying the Code of Good Agricultural Practices in the areas vulnerable to
nitrates in conformity with the provisions of the Directive 91/676/EEC and of
the Position Paper.
• Reconstructing the rivers by applying the new defense concept that ensures both
the reduction of risks due to floods and droughts, by creating lakes and dams, and
the increase in the biodiversity of aquatic flora and fauna by elaborating habitats,
mostly of wetlands [45, 46, 77, 78, 95].
• Elaborating on the areas of sanitary protection for water captures for drinking
water.
• The imposition by the Danube Commission of the following regulations in order
to reduce of accidental water pollution:
– financial guarantee (Certificate of Financial Availability) for the ships transporting polluting substances on the Danube, which facilitated the retrieval of
operational depolluting costs (“the pollutant pays”);
– endowing the fluvial ships in order to separate bilge waters, with centrifugal
separators, and the use of the residues remained in the auxiliary boiler from the
board of the ship, which led to the reduction of the amounts of polluting waters
by about 1000 times and the elimination of the danger of accidental spills;
– the existence at the board of the fluvial ships of record journals, manipulation
and reporting of hydrocarbons (Oil Record Book), similar to the journals for
sea ships, pursuant to the provisions of the MARPOL 73/78 Convention.
• Elaborating the protection works against littoral erosion by accessing Danubian
funds (reducing the amount of alluvia transported by the Danube).
• Elaborating studies for determining the background pollution of waters situated
in the mining areas, where the mother rock is at the surface.
• Promoting Danubian and European researches to establish the environmental
objectives for the rivers that dry out [54, 98].
The chemical status of streams was based on five groups of indicators: oxygen regime: O 2 , CCO-Mn, CCO-Cr, CBO 5 ; general ions, salinity: fixed residue,
chlorides, sulphates, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Ba; nutrients regime: N-NO 3 , N-NO 2 ,
N-NH 4 , N total , P-PO 4 , P total ; metals: Zn, Cu, Cr, As (and other heavy metals if they
are monitored); specific pollutants: phenols, active anionic detergents, cyanides (and
other substances if they are monitored) [54, 98]. The quality class is established by
comparing the determined values with the limit values within the Order 1146/2002
concerning the reference objectives for the classification of the quality of surface
waters, for each indicator. The physical-chemical characterization of the quality of
surface waters (the global quality class) is provided by the least favourable class,
determined at one of the groups of indicators. The length of the river sectors with
water of a certain quality—related to the total length of the rivers monitored from the
G. Romanescu et al.
• Modernizing and extending of the wastewater treatment stations within the industrial units, taking into account the provisions of the Position Paper concerning the
Directive 76/464/EEC concerning the priority/priority hazardous substances. The
attainment rhythm is provided in the Position Paper.
• Applying the Code of Good Agricultural Practices in the areas vulnerable to
nitrates in conformity with the provisions of the Directive 91/676/EEC and of
the Position Paper.
• Reconstructing the rivers by applying the new defense concept that ensures both
the reduction of risks due to floods and droughts, by creating lakes and dams, and
the increase in the biodiversity of aquatic flora and fauna by elaborating habitats,
mostly of wetlands [45, 46, 77, 78, 95].
• Elaborating on the areas of sanitary protection for water captures for drinking
water.
• The imposition by the Danube Commission of the following regulations in order
to reduce of accidental water pollution:
– financial guarantee (Certificate of Financial Availability) for the ships transporting polluting substances on the Danube, which facilitated the retrieval of
operational depolluting costs (“the pollutant pays”);
– endowing the fluvial ships in order to separate bilge waters, with centrifugal
separators, and the use of the residues remained in the auxiliary boiler from the
board of the ship, which led to the reduction of the amounts of polluting waters
by about 1000 times and the elimination of the danger of accidental spills;
– the existence at the board of the fluvial ships of record journals, manipulation
and reporting of hydrocarbons (Oil Record Book), similar to the journals for
sea ships, pursuant to the provisions of the MARPOL 73/78 Convention.
• Elaborating the protection works against littoral erosion by accessing Danubian
funds (reducing the amount of alluvia transported by the Danube).
• Elaborating studies for determining the background pollution of waters situated
in the mining areas, where the mother rock is at the surface.
• Promoting Danubian and European researches to establish the environmental
objectives for the rivers that dry out [54, 98].
The chemical status of streams was based on five groups of indicators: oxygen regime: O 2 , CCO-Mn, CCO-Cr, CBO 5 ; general ions, salinity: fixed residue,
chlorides, sulphates, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Ba; nutrients regime: N-NO 3 , N-NO 2 ,
N-NH 4 , N total , P-PO 4 , P total ; metals: Zn, Cu, Cr, As (and other heavy metals if they
are monitored); specific pollutants: phenols, active anionic detergents, cyanides (and
other substances if they are monitored) [54, 98]. The quality class is established by
comparing the determined values with the limit values within the Order 1146/2002
concerning the reference objectives for the classification of the quality of surface
waters, for each indicator. The physical-chemical characterization of the quality of
surface waters (the global quality class) is provided by the least favourable class,
determined at one of the groups of indicators. The length of the river sectors with
water of a certain quality—related to the total length of the rivers monitored from the