2 Implementation of EU Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) …
43
The eutrophication of certain lakes situated on the interior streams and especially
of the bodies of water in the Danube Delta and of the coastal ones, due to the
important amount of nutrients carried by the Danube. The eutrophication of coastal
waters is also determined by certain sources on the Romanian Black Sea coast (The
Petrochemical Factory at Navodari, the Naval Sites of Constanta-Agigea, Mangalia,
etc., the dejections from coastal localities, etc.), which are reduced and which have
strictly local influence. The eutrophication phenomenon was frequent in the period
1970–1990 and more rarely after this period.
– The decrease in the biodiversity of aquatic flora and fauna due to: the pollution of
waters and the alteration of habitats because of the hydromorphological pressures;
the change of structure by species, mostly of the ichthyofauna within the Danube
Delta and the Black Sea, currently dominated by crucian (a species with low
economic value); the reduction of migrating fish species.
– Shore erosion on around 127 km (57% of the length of the Romanian Black Sea
coast). It is caused by the increased sea level and by the decreased amount of
alluvia transported by the Danube. To them, we add the reduction of biogenic
sand due to a decrease in the population of molluscs due to the pollution of waters.
The intensity of erosion process at the interface between the sea and the land was
the following in the period 1980–2003:
– in the deltaic accumulative sector (Sulina-Vadu), the highest withdrawal rate was
observed: 4–7 m/year for the sector between the Imputita brook and the north of the
Saraturile sand bank, the Sahalin island, Zaton, Portita north—Portita lighthouse,
Chituc north of the sand bank [42, 99];
– in the sector with waterfronts and beach (Navodari-Vama Veche), erosion is low.
Low values, of 2–3 m/year, are found on the sectors with beaches (the central
sector of the Mamaia beach, the southern sector of the Techirghiol sandbar, the
Mangalia beach, etc.) and very low, of 0.5–1 m/year, on those with waterfronts
and capes (the Tuzla cape, Costinesti, the north of the Olimp resort, etc.) [54, 98].
For the following period, it is necessary to implement the following measures:
• Elaborating the integrated water monitoring: of the areas and mediums of investigation and of the monitored elements/components (biological, hydromorphological,
physical-chemical). The great number mare of at-risk bodies of water leads to
special monitoring that involves the surveillance of the entire body of water and
the exact determination of all pressures and of its states [97].
• Extending the role of international relations with the neighbouring countries, in
the field of waters, mostly with those within the basin of the Danube and of the
Black Sea, in order to reduce the anthropic impact.
• Extending, modernizing and elaborating new treatment stations in conformity with
the provisions of the position paper concerning the Directive 91/271/EEC concerning the urban wastewater treatment. The rhythm of achieving the objectives is set
in the position Paper concluded between Romania and the European Community.
43
The eutrophication of certain lakes situated on the interior streams and especially
of the bodies of water in the Danube Delta and of the coastal ones, due to the
important amount of nutrients carried by the Danube. The eutrophication of coastal
waters is also determined by certain sources on the Romanian Black Sea coast (The
Petrochemical Factory at Navodari, the Naval Sites of Constanta-Agigea, Mangalia,
etc., the dejections from coastal localities, etc.), which are reduced and which have
strictly local influence. The eutrophication phenomenon was frequent in the period
1970–1990 and more rarely after this period.
– The decrease in the biodiversity of aquatic flora and fauna due to: the pollution of
waters and the alteration of habitats because of the hydromorphological pressures;
the change of structure by species, mostly of the ichthyofauna within the Danube
Delta and the Black Sea, currently dominated by crucian (a species with low
economic value); the reduction of migrating fish species.
– Shore erosion on around 127 km (57% of the length of the Romanian Black Sea
coast). It is caused by the increased sea level and by the decreased amount of
alluvia transported by the Danube. To them, we add the reduction of biogenic
sand due to a decrease in the population of molluscs due to the pollution of waters.
The intensity of erosion process at the interface between the sea and the land was
the following in the period 1980–2003:
– in the deltaic accumulative sector (Sulina-Vadu), the highest withdrawal rate was
observed: 4–7 m/year for the sector between the Imputita brook and the north of the
Saraturile sand bank, the Sahalin island, Zaton, Portita north—Portita lighthouse,
Chituc north of the sand bank [42, 99];
– in the sector with waterfronts and beach (Navodari-Vama Veche), erosion is low.
Low values, of 2–3 m/year, are found on the sectors with beaches (the central
sector of the Mamaia beach, the southern sector of the Techirghiol sandbar, the
Mangalia beach, etc.) and very low, of 0.5–1 m/year, on those with waterfronts
and capes (the Tuzla cape, Costinesti, the north of the Olimp resort, etc.) [54, 98].
For the following period, it is necessary to implement the following measures:
• Elaborating the integrated water monitoring: of the areas and mediums of investigation and of the monitored elements/components (biological, hydromorphological,
physical-chemical). The great number mare of at-risk bodies of water leads to
special monitoring that involves the surveillance of the entire body of water and
the exact determination of all pressures and of its states [97].
• Extending the role of international relations with the neighbouring countries, in
the field of waters, mostly with those within the basin of the Danube and of the
Black Sea, in order to reduce the anthropic impact.
• Extending, modernizing and elaborating new treatment stations in conformity with
the provisions of the position paper concerning the Directive 91/271/EEC concerning the urban wastewater treatment. The rhythm of achieving the objectives is set
in the position Paper concluded between Romania and the European Community.