16 Water Resources from Apuseni Mountains …
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Cris , ul Alb flow direction in the upper sector is made on a north-south trajectory,
while reaching Brad Depression area, changes towards west-northwest. The geology
of the depression is marked by Tortonian sedimentary formations, peripherally filled
with volcanic or limestone deposits. At the level of the volcanic hills, located in the
vicinity of Brad city, mining activities have been carried out over time, especially
for gold-silver deposits. Nowadays, the works are much diminished, being rather
associated with private initiatives for prospecting purposes.
Cris , ul Repede basin
The relief of the Cri¸ sul Repede river basin, corresponding to the analyzed area, is
associated with the morphological units of Vl˘ adeasa and P˘ adurea Craiului mountains, with small peripheral depression units, to which we can add the spectacular
defile sector, created by the main collector. The mountain sector is dominated by
the Vl˘ adeasa massif (1836 m), which appears as a series of ridges, which descends
northwards to the Cri¸ sul Repede River. Besides, the upper elevations in the massive
are also associated with the catchment limit lines established between Somes , ul Mic,
Cri¸ sul Repede and Cris , ul Negru basins.
The main ridges developed on a north-south direction became hydrographic
boundaries which delimit the S˘ acuieu, Dr˘ agan and Iada valleys, tributaries which
also provide the main hydrological budget of Cri¸ sul Repede. To the west, the basin is
morphologically associated with the P˘ adurea Craiului Mountains, which have lower
altitudes, predominantly between 400 and 600 m. The highest peaks are, from west
to east, the following: M˘ agura Dadului (945 m), Hodrina¸ sa Hill 1014 m), Dealul
Mare (957 m), M˘ agura Beiu¸ sele (1003 m).
The Cri¸ sul Repede Defile, a landmark of major importance of climbing tourism,
links the Huedin Depression to the Vad-Borod Depression. It consists of an alternation
of broader areas with basin-like appearance and narrower areas, with steep walls,
often geomorphologically marked, by endo- and exocarst forms. The narrowest part
is between ¸
Suncuiu¸ s and Vadu Cri¸ sului (about 4 km). The enlargement zones, starting
from the east to the west, are the following: Dr˘ aganului Valley, Ciucea, Bucea, Bratca
and ¸
Suncuiu¸ s (Horvath 2009).
The Vl˘ adeasa Massif consists of a petrographic mixture consisting of eruptive
rocks, crystalline shale and mesozoic sedimentary deposits. The eruptive sector has
a north-south direction of development, having over 45 km in length and a maximum
width of 30 km between the S˘ acuieu and the Iadei valleys. The petrographic structures
have accumulated in different geological periods, the oldest ones being the andesites,
which were later penetrated by the riolites (which cover the largest surface today)
and the dacite, diorites, etc.
The crystalline schist develops from Dr˘ agan Valley to the valley of Iada (Stâna de
Vale), to the east, where they come into contact with the eruptive sector. Sedimentary deposits of permian-mesozoic age are represented by conglomerates, sandstone,
limestone. Thus, Permian age deposits occur in two areas: one at Remet , i and another
at the springs of Iada Valley, formed by conglomerates within which there are fragments of the crystalline foundation. The Triassic age includes a northwestern strip
that reaches Iada valley up to Bulz village and the entire area of the Cri¸ sul Repede
533
Cris , ul Alb flow direction in the upper sector is made on a north-south trajectory,
while reaching Brad Depression area, changes towards west-northwest. The geology
of the depression is marked by Tortonian sedimentary formations, peripherally filled
with volcanic or limestone deposits. At the level of the volcanic hills, located in the
vicinity of Brad city, mining activities have been carried out over time, especially
for gold-silver deposits. Nowadays, the works are much diminished, being rather
associated with private initiatives for prospecting purposes.
Cris , ul Repede basin
The relief of the Cri¸ sul Repede river basin, corresponding to the analyzed area, is
associated with the morphological units of Vl˘ adeasa and P˘ adurea Craiului mountains, with small peripheral depression units, to which we can add the spectacular
defile sector, created by the main collector. The mountain sector is dominated by
the Vl˘ adeasa massif (1836 m), which appears as a series of ridges, which descends
northwards to the Cri¸ sul Repede River. Besides, the upper elevations in the massive
are also associated with the catchment limit lines established between Somes , ul Mic,
Cri¸ sul Repede and Cris , ul Negru basins.
The main ridges developed on a north-south direction became hydrographic
boundaries which delimit the S˘ acuieu, Dr˘ agan and Iada valleys, tributaries which
also provide the main hydrological budget of Cri¸ sul Repede. To the west, the basin is
morphologically associated with the P˘ adurea Craiului Mountains, which have lower
altitudes, predominantly between 400 and 600 m. The highest peaks are, from west
to east, the following: M˘ agura Dadului (945 m), Hodrina¸ sa Hill 1014 m), Dealul
Mare (957 m), M˘ agura Beiu¸ sele (1003 m).
The Cri¸ sul Repede Defile, a landmark of major importance of climbing tourism,
links the Huedin Depression to the Vad-Borod Depression. It consists of an alternation
of broader areas with basin-like appearance and narrower areas, with steep walls,
often geomorphologically marked, by endo- and exocarst forms. The narrowest part
is between ¸
Suncuiu¸ s and Vadu Cri¸ sului (about 4 km). The enlargement zones, starting
from the east to the west, are the following: Dr˘ aganului Valley, Ciucea, Bucea, Bratca
and ¸
Suncuiu¸ s (Horvath 2009).
The Vl˘ adeasa Massif consists of a petrographic mixture consisting of eruptive
rocks, crystalline shale and mesozoic sedimentary deposits. The eruptive sector has
a north-south direction of development, having over 45 km in length and a maximum
width of 30 km between the S˘ acuieu and the Iadei valleys. The petrographic structures
have accumulated in different geological periods, the oldest ones being the andesites,
which were later penetrated by the riolites (which cover the largest surface today)
and the dacite, diorites, etc.
The crystalline schist develops from Dr˘ agan Valley to the valley of Iada (Stâna de
Vale), to the east, where they come into contact with the eruptive sector. Sedimentary deposits of permian-mesozoic age are represented by conglomerates, sandstone,
limestone. Thus, Permian age deposits occur in two areas: one at Remet , i and another
at the springs of Iada Valley, formed by conglomerates within which there are fragments of the crystalline foundation. The Triassic age includes a northwestern strip
that reaches Iada valley up to Bulz village and the entire area of the Cri¸ sul Repede