534
R. B˘ atina¸ s et al.
defile. The most frequent rocks are limestones, to which are added conglomerates,
schist and sandstone. The Jurassic age, with calcareous formations, extends especially in the eastern area of the P˘ adurea Craiului Mountains with insular occurrences
on Iada valley at Remet , i, having direct contact with the Vl˘ adeasa Mountain’ eruptive
deposits on ¸
Suncuiu¸ s-Vad defile. The Cretaceous is restricted to only a few spots on
both sides of the Iada Valley (Horvath 2009).
Cris , ul Negru basin
The river basin of Cris , ul Negru is morphologically associated with the western flanks
of the Bihor Mountains, the eastern slopes of the Codru-Moma Massif and the slopes
of P˘ adurea Craiului Mountains (Fig. 16.6). The depression area in the upper basin
is defined by the Beius , Depression, where the main course has formed a dendriform
fluvial network with a right asymmetry, towards Bihor mountainous area, where
springs the most vigorous tributaries [80]. The highest morphological units drained
by the main course and the right tributaries of the Cri¸ sul Negru, in the upper section
of the hydrographic basin, belong to the Biharia Mountains and to the B˘ atrâna (Old
Lady) Massif. Thus, at the on the first mentioned massif, the altitudes rise to values
of more than 1700 m, which allowed the conservation of the most significant traces
of the cryonivale modeling processes in the Apuseni Mountains. The highest ridge
has a broadly curved appearance, with small heights associated with the Cucurbata
Mare (1849 m) and Cucurbata Mica (1770 m) peaks.
Somes , ul Mic basin
The relief of this heavily hydrotechnically aranged area is formed mainly on metamorphic and magmatic rocks and lesser on sedimentary rocks (mesozoic limestone
in the Somes , ul Cald springs region, Tertiary age limestone deposits at the edge of
the mountainous area, lower stripped clays in some sectors—Agârbiciu river basin,
etc.).
The natural potential of the area derives from the support provided by the three
units: Gil˘ au—Muntele Mare Mountains, Vl˘ adeasa Massif and B˘ atrâna Mountains as
part of the Bihor Mountains. These units come into contact with each other along
the Somes , ul Mic and its tributaries [63].
Between B˘ atrâna Mountains (1579 m), the Gil˘ au Mountains (1404 m) and Muntele
Mare (1825 m), the tectonic processes caused an obvious axial loss. As a result, an
“orthographic amphitheater” was formed on a vast morpologically oriented westeast area, consisting of the storied interfluves, all descending to the east (depression
corridor Gil˘ au-C˘ apu¸ s-Huedin). This elongated amphitheater has been occupied by
the Somes , ul Mic hydrographic system, contributing to the diversification of the geographic landscape, but also to the increase of the economic potential of the territory.
As geographic phenomena act synergistically and consistently, the morphological
and hydrographic components mentioned, by their specificity, closely cooperate with
the meteo-climatic component [37].
This explains the fact that along the morphohydrographic corridor of Some¸ sul
Mic, there is a high occurrence of the western air masses, with typical adjacent
R. B˘ atina¸ s et al.
defile. The most frequent rocks are limestones, to which are added conglomerates,
schist and sandstone. The Jurassic age, with calcareous formations, extends especially in the eastern area of the P˘ adurea Craiului Mountains with insular occurrences
on Iada valley at Remet , i, having direct contact with the Vl˘ adeasa Mountain’ eruptive
deposits on ¸
Suncuiu¸ s-Vad defile. The Cretaceous is restricted to only a few spots on
both sides of the Iada Valley (Horvath 2009).
Cris , ul Negru basin
The river basin of Cris , ul Negru is morphologically associated with the western flanks
of the Bihor Mountains, the eastern slopes of the Codru-Moma Massif and the slopes
of P˘ adurea Craiului Mountains (Fig. 16.6). The depression area in the upper basin
is defined by the Beius , Depression, where the main course has formed a dendriform
fluvial network with a right asymmetry, towards Bihor mountainous area, where
springs the most vigorous tributaries [80]. The highest morphological units drained
by the main course and the right tributaries of the Cri¸ sul Negru, in the upper section
of the hydrographic basin, belong to the Biharia Mountains and to the B˘ atrâna (Old
Lady) Massif. Thus, at the on the first mentioned massif, the altitudes rise to values
of more than 1700 m, which allowed the conservation of the most significant traces
of the cryonivale modeling processes in the Apuseni Mountains. The highest ridge
has a broadly curved appearance, with small heights associated with the Cucurbata
Mare (1849 m) and Cucurbata Mica (1770 m) peaks.
Somes , ul Mic basin
The relief of this heavily hydrotechnically aranged area is formed mainly on metamorphic and magmatic rocks and lesser on sedimentary rocks (mesozoic limestone
in the Somes , ul Cald springs region, Tertiary age limestone deposits at the edge of
the mountainous area, lower stripped clays in some sectors—Agârbiciu river basin,
etc.).
The natural potential of the area derives from the support provided by the three
units: Gil˘ au—Muntele Mare Mountains, Vl˘ adeasa Massif and B˘ atrâna Mountains as
part of the Bihor Mountains. These units come into contact with each other along
the Somes , ul Mic and its tributaries [63].
Between B˘ atrâna Mountains (1579 m), the Gil˘ au Mountains (1404 m) and Muntele
Mare (1825 m), the tectonic processes caused an obvious axial loss. As a result, an
“orthographic amphitheater” was formed on a vast morpologically oriented westeast area, consisting of the storied interfluves, all descending to the east (depression
corridor Gil˘ au-C˘ apu¸ s-Huedin). This elongated amphitheater has been occupied by
the Somes , ul Mic hydrographic system, contributing to the diversification of the geographic landscape, but also to the increase of the economic potential of the territory.
As geographic phenomena act synergistically and consistently, the morphological
and hydrographic components mentioned, by their specificity, closely cooperate with
the meteo-climatic component [37].
This explains the fact that along the morphohydrographic corridor of Some¸ sul
Mic, there is a high occurrence of the western air masses, with typical adjacent