16 Water Resources from Apuseni Mountains …
523
were performed using ArcGIS 10.4, respectively MS Excel 2016, available on the
labs of Faculty of Geography, from Babes , -Bolyai University.
16.2 Natural Components Which Condition the Water
Resource
The approach of this chapter will be done in a somewhat atypical sequence, depending
on the production of natural phenomena and processes, ranging from the precipitation
component to the development of the surface and underground water resource. The
analysis of each natural component conditioning the liquid flow will be made on
the basis of the major hydrographic basins that collect the affluents related to the
mountainous area of the Apuseni Mountains.
16.2.1 Climatic Components (Precipitations
and Evapotranspiration)
From the climatic point of view, the Apuseni Mountains area is defined by the positioning on the trajectory of the western air circulation, the relatively modest altitudes
and the fragmentation of the relief. The monitoring of climatic parameters is carried out by eight meteorological stations, located both at altimetric superior levels
(north-central area) and at the periphery of the mountainous area (Fig. 16.3).
The climate is continental moderate with western influences. The development of
the central high-altitude zone on the north-south direction, as a genuine orographic
barrier, led to an asymmetric distribution of the rainfall budget in favor of the western
slope. Thus, at similar altitudes, precipitation discharges record sensitively different
values: at Stâna de Vale rains 1571 mm (at an altitude of 1110 m), whereas on the
eastern slope at B˘ ai¸ soara station was recorded only 847 mm (at an altitude of 1384 m).
The comparison can also be applied to low altitude stations located at the periphery
of the mountainous area, in the marginal depressions (Table 16.2). At ¸
Stei, on the
western flank, precipitation accumulates a layer of 681 mm (278 m altitude), while
in Turda, on the eastern slope, rains only 552 mm (at 318 m altitude). The foehn
processes are occurring mainly on the eastern slope, leading to an increase in the
air temperature, the decrease of air humidity and the nebulosity, and implicitly a
diminished contribution to watercourses budget.
In the depressions, there is a sheltered climate with higher frequencies of atmospheric calm, but also with frequent thermal inversions. Developments over the last
decades suggest changes in climate peculiarities, as winters become warmer and dry,
and snow days are fewer.
Regarding the impact of climate change on liquid flow, a possible extension on a
long period of the western hydrological regime, specific to the Cri¸ suri rivers, with
523
were performed using ArcGIS 10.4, respectively MS Excel 2016, available on the
labs of Faculty of Geography, from Babes , -Bolyai University.
16.2 Natural Components Which Condition the Water
Resource
The approach of this chapter will be done in a somewhat atypical sequence, depending
on the production of natural phenomena and processes, ranging from the precipitation
component to the development of the surface and underground water resource. The
analysis of each natural component conditioning the liquid flow will be made on
the basis of the major hydrographic basins that collect the affluents related to the
mountainous area of the Apuseni Mountains.
16.2.1 Climatic Components (Precipitations
and Evapotranspiration)
From the climatic point of view, the Apuseni Mountains area is defined by the positioning on the trajectory of the western air circulation, the relatively modest altitudes
and the fragmentation of the relief. The monitoring of climatic parameters is carried out by eight meteorological stations, located both at altimetric superior levels
(north-central area) and at the periphery of the mountainous area (Fig. 16.3).
The climate is continental moderate with western influences. The development of
the central high-altitude zone on the north-south direction, as a genuine orographic
barrier, led to an asymmetric distribution of the rainfall budget in favor of the western
slope. Thus, at similar altitudes, precipitation discharges record sensitively different
values: at Stâna de Vale rains 1571 mm (at an altitude of 1110 m), whereas on the
eastern slope at B˘ ai¸ soara station was recorded only 847 mm (at an altitude of 1384 m).
The comparison can also be applied to low altitude stations located at the periphery
of the mountainous area, in the marginal depressions (Table 16.2). At ¸
Stei, on the
western flank, precipitation accumulates a layer of 681 mm (278 m altitude), while
in Turda, on the eastern slope, rains only 552 mm (at 318 m altitude). The foehn
processes are occurring mainly on the eastern slope, leading to an increase in the
air temperature, the decrease of air humidity and the nebulosity, and implicitly a
diminished contribution to watercourses budget.
In the depressions, there is a sheltered climate with higher frequencies of atmospheric calm, but also with frequent thermal inversions. Developments over the last
decades suggest changes in climate peculiarities, as winters become warmer and dry,
and snow days are fewer.
Regarding the impact of climate change on liquid flow, a possible extension on a
long period of the western hydrological regime, specific to the Cri¸ suri rivers, with