518
R. B˘ atina¸ s et al.
16.1 Introduction
Being a very sophisticated and comprehensive term, the water resource is a particularly important, even decisive, component for the existence of natural and anthropic
habitats. Whether we are talking about a surplus, balanced or deficient water resource
in a territory, it is obvious the necessity for its management, in the context of increasing vulnerability and the aggravation and chronicisation of dangerous meteorological and hydrological phenomena. Frequently, some seasons require compensation
in terms of the distributed water quantities to the two environments (natural and
anthropic). Thus, the needs of human population can be achieved through hydrotechnical facilities which can redistribute the water resource in a uniform manner throughout the year. A deficit in the natural environment can have serious repercussions in
the life cycle of plants and, indirectly, to the animal organisms.
The mountainous areas in the Romanian Carpathians still maintain a less aggressive hydrosphere environment by the anthropic factor. This is often due to the establishment of protected natural areas, which impose stricter rules on the exploitation
of water resources and human intervention in nature.
The high degree of anthropology in the Apuseni Mountains, with the exceptions
of the eastern, northeast and northern parts, due to the special fragmentation of this
mountain group, has left its mark on the water resource, especially from a qualitative
point of view. The effects of mining and residues from households have affected the
water resources, making them frequently unusable and unpurified.
Apuseni Mountains are situated on the movement trajectory of the western air
masses, which generated a heterogeneous water resources distribution in the mountainous area. The steep western flank (compared with the altitudes of Dealurile de
Vest/Western Hills and Câmpia de Ves/Western Plain), is defined by a higher discharge value, resulted from the elevated rainfall amounts as well. Moreover, many
scientific meteorological studies grant the Stâna de Vale resort, from the Vl˘ adeasa
Massif, the status of “the pole of precipitation at the national level”, with values
exceeding the threshold of 1500 mm per year.
The eastern flank, marked by the development of the Some¸ sul Mic and Arie¸ s
basins and the direct tributaries of Mure¸ s River drained from Trasc˘ au and Metaliferi Mountains is defined by a lower water budget. This is the consequence of a
“precipitation shadow” formation due to foehnal wind circulation, which moves to
the East towards the Transylvanian Depression.
16.1.1 Literature About Water Resources in Apuseni
Mountains
The study of the natural or anthropogenic hazards affecting the water resources or
the ecosystems is one of the main purposes for numerous authors [2, 4, 6, 8, 14, 41,
61, 64, 65, 68] etc.
R. B˘ atina¸ s et al.
16.1 Introduction
Being a very sophisticated and comprehensive term, the water resource is a particularly important, even decisive, component for the existence of natural and anthropic
habitats. Whether we are talking about a surplus, balanced or deficient water resource
in a territory, it is obvious the necessity for its management, in the context of increasing vulnerability and the aggravation and chronicisation of dangerous meteorological and hydrological phenomena. Frequently, some seasons require compensation
in terms of the distributed water quantities to the two environments (natural and
anthropic). Thus, the needs of human population can be achieved through hydrotechnical facilities which can redistribute the water resource in a uniform manner throughout the year. A deficit in the natural environment can have serious repercussions in
the life cycle of plants and, indirectly, to the animal organisms.
The mountainous areas in the Romanian Carpathians still maintain a less aggressive hydrosphere environment by the anthropic factor. This is often due to the establishment of protected natural areas, which impose stricter rules on the exploitation
of water resources and human intervention in nature.
The high degree of anthropology in the Apuseni Mountains, with the exceptions
of the eastern, northeast and northern parts, due to the special fragmentation of this
mountain group, has left its mark on the water resource, especially from a qualitative
point of view. The effects of mining and residues from households have affected the
water resources, making them frequently unusable and unpurified.
Apuseni Mountains are situated on the movement trajectory of the western air
masses, which generated a heterogeneous water resources distribution in the mountainous area. The steep western flank (compared with the altitudes of Dealurile de
Vest/Western Hills and Câmpia de Ves/Western Plain), is defined by a higher discharge value, resulted from the elevated rainfall amounts as well. Moreover, many
scientific meteorological studies grant the Stâna de Vale resort, from the Vl˘ adeasa
Massif, the status of “the pole of precipitation at the national level”, with values
exceeding the threshold of 1500 mm per year.
The eastern flank, marked by the development of the Some¸ sul Mic and Arie¸ s
basins and the direct tributaries of Mure¸ s River drained from Trasc˘ au and Metaliferi Mountains is defined by a lower water budget. This is the consequence of a
“precipitation shadow” formation due to foehnal wind circulation, which moves to
the East towards the Transylvanian Depression.
16.1.1 Literature About Water Resources in Apuseni
Mountains
The study of the natural or anthropogenic hazards affecting the water resources or
the ecosystems is one of the main purposes for numerous authors [2, 4, 6, 8, 14, 41,
61, 64, 65, 68] etc.