Chapter 16
Water Resources from Apuseni
Mountains—Major Coordinates
R˘ azvan B˘ atina¸ s, Gheorghe ¸
Serban and Daniel Sab ˘
au
Abstract The strong precipitation and cool climate render the Apuseni Mountains
a real “water castle” with a complex, radial development of the river network. The
density of the river network has an average value between 0.6 and 1.0 km/km
2 ,
higher than the values found in the Eastern and Southern Carpathians; a deviation
from these values occurs in the karstic areas where the surface drainage is replaced
by an underground one: 0.4–0.5 km/km
2 in the P˘ adurea Craiului Mountains, Va¸ sc˘ au
Plateau and Trasc˘ au Mountains (Pascu 1983). The hydrographic network is a result
of the climate; therefore, the quantitative precipitation differences between the two
slopes of the Apuseni Mountains are also manifested in the specific average flow
rate: 20–40 l/s km
2 on the west side of the Apuseni Mountains and 10–20 1/s km
2 on
the eastern side. According to this parameter, the entire mountain region is among
the country’s water-surplus areas. The areas with moderate water resources belong to
the peripheral and depression areas, with values of 5–10 l/s km
2 . The water resources
evaluation is done by analyzing the hydrological regime, respectively by establishing
the water balance and calculating the aridity index, rated for Romania by I. Ujvari,
since 1972. The introductory chapter presents aspects related to the general organization of the available water resources, followed by an assessment of the factors
determining the water flow. The observations related to the water flow parameters
were analyzed in the third part of the study, including details about the parameters
of liquid flow.
Keywords Apuseni mountains · Water resources · GIS · Discharge
R. B˘ atina¸ s · G. ¸
Serban (B)
Faculty of Geography, Babe¸ s-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
e-mail: gheorghe.serban@ubbcluj.ro
R. B˘ atina¸ s
e-mail: razvan.batinas@ubbcluj.ro
D. Sab ˘
au
“Romanian Waters” National Administration—“Somes , -Tisa” Regional Water Branch, 17
Vân˘ atorului, 400213 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
e-mail: danielsabau075@gmail.com
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
A. M. Negm et al. (eds.), Water Resources Management in Romania, Springer Water,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22320-5_16
517
Water Resources from Apuseni
Mountains—Major Coordinates
R˘ azvan B˘ atina¸ s, Gheorghe ¸
Serban and Daniel Sab ˘
au
Abstract The strong precipitation and cool climate render the Apuseni Mountains
a real “water castle” with a complex, radial development of the river network. The
density of the river network has an average value between 0.6 and 1.0 km/km
2 ,
higher than the values found in the Eastern and Southern Carpathians; a deviation
from these values occurs in the karstic areas where the surface drainage is replaced
by an underground one: 0.4–0.5 km/km
2 in the P˘ adurea Craiului Mountains, Va¸ sc˘ au
Plateau and Trasc˘ au Mountains (Pascu 1983). The hydrographic network is a result
of the climate; therefore, the quantitative precipitation differences between the two
slopes of the Apuseni Mountains are also manifested in the specific average flow
rate: 20–40 l/s km
2 on the west side of the Apuseni Mountains and 10–20 1/s km
2 on
the eastern side. According to this parameter, the entire mountain region is among
the country’s water-surplus areas. The areas with moderate water resources belong to
the peripheral and depression areas, with values of 5–10 l/s km
2 . The water resources
evaluation is done by analyzing the hydrological regime, respectively by establishing
the water balance and calculating the aridity index, rated for Romania by I. Ujvari,
since 1972. The introductory chapter presents aspects related to the general organization of the available water resources, followed by an assessment of the factors
determining the water flow. The observations related to the water flow parameters
were analyzed in the third part of the study, including details about the parameters
of liquid flow.
Keywords Apuseni mountains · Water resources · GIS · Discharge
R. B˘ atina¸ s · G. ¸
Serban (B)
Faculty of Geography, Babe¸ s-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
e-mail: gheorghe.serban@ubbcluj.ro
R. B˘ atina¸ s
e-mail: razvan.batinas@ubbcluj.ro
D. Sab ˘
au
“Romanian Waters” National Administration—“Somes , -Tisa” Regional Water Branch, 17
Vân˘ atorului, 400213 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
e-mail: danielsabau075@gmail.com
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
A. M. Negm et al. (eds.), Water Resources Management in Romania, Springer Water,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22320-5_16
517