418
G. ¸
Serban et al.
12.3.2 Types f Hydrological Regime of the Rivers
in the Upper Tisa Romanian Basin
Studying the hydrological regime of a river, aims to discover the laws of water
resources time and space variation in a certain area. Knowing this regime has
an important practical side, as the local or regional socio-economic development
depends both on the quantities and the time-space variation of the water supplies
[46].
The research on the runoff regime in the studied area (the spatial component linked
to the Tur Basin) confirms it belongs to the Carpathian type (C) in the depression and
mountain areas and the Carpathian-periphery type (Pc) in the plain area. Tisa river
and its tributaries from the studied area have a western Carpathian hydrological
regime type, as their maximum runoff occurs in April and their minimum during
winter [50, 52].
12.3.3 Groundwater Resources
Groundwater is an important resource, especially due to its physico-chemical and
biological quality. The storage and the movement of groundwater are closely related
to the lithology, the spatial arrangement and the supplying conditions, elements that
establish the hydraulic conditions of the aquifers, upon which the groundwater layers
are refered to as phreatic and deep groundwaters [41].
Phreatic groundwaters are found in Romania in three macro-regions: the
Carpathian orogen, the intra-carpathian depressions and basins and the extracarpathian ones. The mountain and submountain regions of the Carpathian orogen
show little or no interest as far as the borehole water supplies are concerned, therefore are not included in the estimation of groundwater resources (R.W.N.A.) (See
footnote 9).
The hydrogeological macro-region of the intra-carpathian depressions and basins
includes the Western Plain, the Transylvanian Basin and the Maramures , ului Depression, all of them large sedimentary units with precise tectonic, genetic and morphologic borders. Here the average phreatic water flows vary from 0.1 to 1.5 l/s km
2 in
the Western Plain and from 0.1 to 1.0 l/s km
2 in the Transylvanian Basin and the
Maramures , ului Depression [41] (R.W.N.A. See footnote 9).
Deep groundwaters with ascending or artesian features are widespread throughout
the sedimentary Carpathian-peripheric regions, reaching depths of several thousand
metres, but almost lack in compact rocks areas. The Carpathian regions play a watershed role for the lower lands surrounding them. Inside them, there are, however,
tectonic depressions or structures that favor the accumulation of deep groundwaters,
with ascending features [41].
The identification and the delimitation of groundwater bodies were carried out
only for the areas with important aquifers as water supplies, that is with flows of over
G. ¸
Serban et al.
12.3.2 Types f Hydrological Regime of the Rivers
in the Upper Tisa Romanian Basin
Studying the hydrological regime of a river, aims to discover the laws of water
resources time and space variation in a certain area. Knowing this regime has
an important practical side, as the local or regional socio-economic development
depends both on the quantities and the time-space variation of the water supplies
[46].
The research on the runoff regime in the studied area (the spatial component linked
to the Tur Basin) confirms it belongs to the Carpathian type (C) in the depression and
mountain areas and the Carpathian-periphery type (Pc) in the plain area. Tisa river
and its tributaries from the studied area have a western Carpathian hydrological
regime type, as their maximum runoff occurs in April and their minimum during
winter [50, 52].
12.3.3 Groundwater Resources
Groundwater is an important resource, especially due to its physico-chemical and
biological quality. The storage and the movement of groundwater are closely related
to the lithology, the spatial arrangement and the supplying conditions, elements that
establish the hydraulic conditions of the aquifers, upon which the groundwater layers
are refered to as phreatic and deep groundwaters [41].
Phreatic groundwaters are found in Romania in three macro-regions: the
Carpathian orogen, the intra-carpathian depressions and basins and the extracarpathian ones. The mountain and submountain regions of the Carpathian orogen
show little or no interest as far as the borehole water supplies are concerned, therefore are not included in the estimation of groundwater resources (R.W.N.A.) (See
footnote 9).
The hydrogeological macro-region of the intra-carpathian depressions and basins
includes the Western Plain, the Transylvanian Basin and the Maramures , ului Depression, all of them large sedimentary units with precise tectonic, genetic and morphologic borders. Here the average phreatic water flows vary from 0.1 to 1.5 l/s km
2 in
the Western Plain and from 0.1 to 1.0 l/s km
2 in the Transylvanian Basin and the
Maramures , ului Depression [41] (R.W.N.A. See footnote 9).
Deep groundwaters with ascending or artesian features are widespread throughout
the sedimentary Carpathian-peripheric regions, reaching depths of several thousand
metres, but almost lack in compact rocks areas. The Carpathian regions play a watershed role for the lower lands surrounding them. Inside them, there are, however,
tectonic depressions or structures that favor the accumulation of deep groundwaters,
with ascending features [41].
The identification and the delimitation of groundwater bodies were carried out
only for the areas with important aquifers as water supplies, that is with flows of over