12 Water Resources from Romanian Upper Tisa Basin
417
The studied area has a high specific flow rate due to the rich supplies from the
mountain area, as a result of heavy rainfall, as previously shown. We identified four
validity areas of the relation between the average specific flow rate and the medium
altitude of the basins (Fig. 12.12).
In all the four areas, the higher parts of the basins (the catchment areas) show
values of over 35 l/s km
2 , while the bottom of depressions, the lane areas or the plain
ones display much smaller values, up to 3.5 l/s km
2 . The highest values that were GIS
modeled were also confirmed by the Basin Authority “Somes , -Tisa” (S.T.W.B.A.) in
2015 (Fig. 12.12).
The maximum value (38.1 l/s km
2 ) is recorded in the upper Ruscova basin, which
has the smallest circularity coefficient of all the drainage areas in the studied region
(1.33) and is one of the most humid ones in the Carpathian Mountains. For that
matter, the torrentiality of the mountain Maramures , ean area is well-known, a fact
also suggested by the high values of the specific medium flow rate.
The height of the flow layer is the thickness of a water layer evenly spread on the
whole basin. It is calculated by dividing the volume of water drained in a given period
to the surface of the basin that generated it. The drained layer height is obtained in
mm using the following formula:
Y = W /F × 10
3 (mm)
where
Y the drained layer (mm)
W the drained volume of water (m
3 )
F the surface of the basin (km
2 ).
The height of the flow layer also indicates the abundance of the water resources in
the studied area, with values exceeding 1000 mm (Flood Protection Expert Group,
Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Serbia, Ukraine, 2009—Fig. 12.13).
The GIS modeling performed by the authors of this study confirm the issues shown
above, based on the survey carried out by the previously mentioned international
group (Fig. 12.14).
Just the same as the average specific flow rate, for the flow layer we also found
four areas of validity of the relation between the flow layer and the medium altitude
of the basins.
Three of the areas of validity show maximum flow layer heights that approach
1200 mm, while the first eastern area of validity barely exceeds this threshold. The
minimum values of this parameter do not exceed 200 mm in any of the areas of
validity.
417
The studied area has a high specific flow rate due to the rich supplies from the
mountain area, as a result of heavy rainfall, as previously shown. We identified four
validity areas of the relation between the average specific flow rate and the medium
altitude of the basins (Fig. 12.12).
In all the four areas, the higher parts of the basins (the catchment areas) show
values of over 35 l/s km
2 , while the bottom of depressions, the lane areas or the plain
ones display much smaller values, up to 3.5 l/s km
2 . The highest values that were GIS
modeled were also confirmed by the Basin Authority “Somes , -Tisa” (S.T.W.B.A.) in
2015 (Fig. 12.12).
The maximum value (38.1 l/s km
2 ) is recorded in the upper Ruscova basin, which
has the smallest circularity coefficient of all the drainage areas in the studied region
(1.33) and is one of the most humid ones in the Carpathian Mountains. For that
matter, the torrentiality of the mountain Maramures , ean area is well-known, a fact
also suggested by the high values of the specific medium flow rate.
The height of the flow layer is the thickness of a water layer evenly spread on the
whole basin. It is calculated by dividing the volume of water drained in a given period
to the surface of the basin that generated it. The drained layer height is obtained in
mm using the following formula:
Y = W /F × 10
3 (mm)
where
Y the drained layer (mm)
W the drained volume of water (m
3 )
F the surface of the basin (km
2 ).
The height of the flow layer also indicates the abundance of the water resources in
the studied area, with values exceeding 1000 mm (Flood Protection Expert Group,
Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Serbia, Ukraine, 2009—Fig. 12.13).
The GIS modeling performed by the authors of this study confirm the issues shown
above, based on the survey carried out by the previously mentioned international
group (Fig. 12.14).
Just the same as the average specific flow rate, for the flow layer we also found
four areas of validity of the relation between the flow layer and the medium altitude
of the basins.
Three of the areas of validity show maximum flow layer heights that approach
1200 mm, while the first eastern area of validity barely exceeds this threshold. The
minimum values of this parameter do not exceed 200 mm in any of the areas of
validity.