12 Water Resources from Romanian Upper Tisa Basin
411
are complex, depending on the diversity of general and local landform evolution and
they affect the studied area not so much in quantity, but more where as quality is
concerned, through the mineral substances inflow or by altering the liquid run-off.
They often tend to take on a touristic aspect, as they significantly contribute to the
annual tourists’ number [7], with additions).
Glacial lakes are present in the Rodnei Mountains—lakes Iezer, Buh˘ aiescu I–IV,
Repedea and in the Maramures , ului Mountains—T˘ aul Ros , u (The Red Tarn).
Periglacial lakes are present in the Maramures , ului Mountains—lake Vinderel
(0.9 ha) and Gutâi Mountains (T˘ aul Chendroaiei—Chendroaiei Tarn).
Lakes between landslide waves, linked to deposits structure in the depression
area—T˘ aul Mor˘ arenilor (Mor˘ arenilor Tarn)—Gutâi Piedmont and lake Hoteni.
Volcanic lakes—T˘ aul Iezerul Mare (Iezerul Mare Tarn) in Mount Ignis , .
Salt lakes (on salt massifs) are prevalent in the Maramures , ului Depression, due
to its paleogeographic evolution. Nonetheless, their aspect is vestigial, on account
of the highly rapid evolution of the diapir structures [48].
There are also anthropic salt lakes, formed in collapsed salt mines a few decades
ago—at Ocna S , ugatag (lakes Gavril˘ a, B˘ atrân, T˘ aul f˘ ar˘ a fund, Ros , u etc.), Cos , tiui
(lake Francisc)—the diapir structure became a ruine itself here, a few years back,
when the whole eastern side collapsed over the lake area.
Karstosaline lakes are more of memory themselves because the shallow depths
and the rapid evolution of clay ruiniform landforms led to their silting or even their
disappearance. Traces of these lakes can be still found at Ocna S , ugatag (lakes Vorsing,
Pipiriga, Alb—White Lake etc.). This lake category, next to the saline structures that
store huge hypersaline water stocks, represent a real danger through their evolution
because new subsidences can release from the underground and channel towards
water courses thousands of cubic metres of hypersaline water, with a catastrophic
effect on the aquatic ecosystems of the collector rivers, felt on tens of kilometres
[48].
Anthropic dam lakes in this area are lakes Runcu and C˘ alines , ti-Oas , . The first one,
together with the Brazi-Valea Neagr˘ a derivation, which supplies water for the lake
Firiza, has a significant ecologic influence over river Mara and its collector, Iza, by
reducing the run-off which is very important for the aquatic ecosystem. The second
lake, C˘ alines , ti-Oas , , plays an extremely important role in tempering the flash flood
waves formed in the upper Tur basin and concentrated upstream this lake (S.T.W.B.A.
2018).
6
Lakes formed in former/dry riverbeds (meanders) are Lake Teplit , a, Paviscu Pond
etc. Their ecological impact is quite important.
Underground, the hydrographic component has adapted to the morphological
and petrographic conditions, as well as to the influences of rivers major streambeds
(Fig. 12.9).
There are four groundwater bodies, two of which phreatic water (ROSO 02 along
the rivers Iza and Vis , eu, as well as on the interfluve between them, ROSO 17—
in the Median and Lower Tur Basin) and two of them deep groundwater, developed in the Median Iza Basin deposits (ROSO 03), but mainly in the thick deposits
6 Records of S.T.W.B.A. (“Somes , -Tisa” Water Basin Administration—in Romanian)
411
are complex, depending on the diversity of general and local landform evolution and
they affect the studied area not so much in quantity, but more where as quality is
concerned, through the mineral substances inflow or by altering the liquid run-off.
They often tend to take on a touristic aspect, as they significantly contribute to the
annual tourists’ number [7], with additions).
Glacial lakes are present in the Rodnei Mountains—lakes Iezer, Buh˘ aiescu I–IV,
Repedea and in the Maramures , ului Mountains—T˘ aul Ros , u (The Red Tarn).
Periglacial lakes are present in the Maramures , ului Mountains—lake Vinderel
(0.9 ha) and Gutâi Mountains (T˘ aul Chendroaiei—Chendroaiei Tarn).
Lakes between landslide waves, linked to deposits structure in the depression
area—T˘ aul Mor˘ arenilor (Mor˘ arenilor Tarn)—Gutâi Piedmont and lake Hoteni.
Volcanic lakes—T˘ aul Iezerul Mare (Iezerul Mare Tarn) in Mount Ignis , .
Salt lakes (on salt massifs) are prevalent in the Maramures , ului Depression, due
to its paleogeographic evolution. Nonetheless, their aspect is vestigial, on account
of the highly rapid evolution of the diapir structures [48].
There are also anthropic salt lakes, formed in collapsed salt mines a few decades
ago—at Ocna S , ugatag (lakes Gavril˘ a, B˘ atrân, T˘ aul f˘ ar˘ a fund, Ros , u etc.), Cos , tiui
(lake Francisc)—the diapir structure became a ruine itself here, a few years back,
when the whole eastern side collapsed over the lake area.
Karstosaline lakes are more of memory themselves because the shallow depths
and the rapid evolution of clay ruiniform landforms led to their silting or even their
disappearance. Traces of these lakes can be still found at Ocna S , ugatag (lakes Vorsing,
Pipiriga, Alb—White Lake etc.). This lake category, next to the saline structures that
store huge hypersaline water stocks, represent a real danger through their evolution
because new subsidences can release from the underground and channel towards
water courses thousands of cubic metres of hypersaline water, with a catastrophic
effect on the aquatic ecosystems of the collector rivers, felt on tens of kilometres
[48].
Anthropic dam lakes in this area are lakes Runcu and C˘ alines , ti-Oas , . The first one,
together with the Brazi-Valea Neagr˘ a derivation, which supplies water for the lake
Firiza, has a significant ecologic influence over river Mara and its collector, Iza, by
reducing the run-off which is very important for the aquatic ecosystem. The second
lake, C˘ alines , ti-Oas , , plays an extremely important role in tempering the flash flood
waves formed in the upper Tur basin and concentrated upstream this lake (S.T.W.B.A.
2018).
6
Lakes formed in former/dry riverbeds (meanders) are Lake Teplit , a, Paviscu Pond
etc. Their ecological impact is quite important.
Underground, the hydrographic component has adapted to the morphological
and petrographic conditions, as well as to the influences of rivers major streambeds
(Fig. 12.9).
There are four groundwater bodies, two of which phreatic water (ROSO 02 along
the rivers Iza and Vis , eu, as well as on the interfluve between them, ROSO 17—
in the Median and Lower Tur Basin) and two of them deep groundwater, developed in the Median Iza Basin deposits (ROSO 03), but mainly in the thick deposits
6 Records of S.T.W.B.A. (“Somes , -Tisa” Water Basin Administration—in Romanian)