4 Management of Surfaces Water Resources—Ecological Status …
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• Chemical pollution—caused by the discharge of chemical substances in the
water [24].
• The factors causing water pollution are grouped as follows:
• Demographic factors—represented by population numbers in a given area, and
pollution is generally proportional to population density;
• Urbanistic factors—corresponding to the development of human settlements,
which use large quantities of water which are returned into nature in the form
of intensely contaminated wastewater;
• Industrial or economic factors—represented by the level of economic and industrial development of a region [25, 26].
4.2.3 Water Pollution Sources
Water pollution sources are classified according to several criteria:
• By their origin: domestic activities; industry; agriculture; transports
• By the origin of pollutants: local sources (e.g. sewerage pipes, discharge platforms); diffuse sources (e.g.: pollutants spread over a large area);
• By position: fixed sources (e.g.: industrial, animal breeding activities); mobile
sources (e.g.: cars, houses, moving equipment).
However, the most frequent sources of pollution are domestic, industrial and
those caused by livestock breeding activities, causing domestic pollution, industrial
pollution, and pollution due to agricultural activities.
Domestic pollution is proportional to the population.
Domestic wastewater mainly contains putrefactive organic matter (carbohydrates,
proteins, lipids), most of which decanting, resulting in layers of the organic slurry.
Among the organic materials which are characteristic of domestic pollution are
also dissolved salts in the form of calcium, magnesium, bicarbonates, sulphates, etc.,
which are found in much lower quantities than organic matter.
Industrial pollution—is specific to industrially developed areas. Pollutants are
very variable, depending on the field of activity.
They can be represented by raw materials, intermediate products or end products,
by-products or co-products.
Pollution caused by agricultural activities—are represented by animal waste, natural or synthetic fertilizers, soil erosion due to inappropriate soil processing, etc.
Another type of pollution is caused by meteoric waters—the meteoric waters
cause the movement of various types of wastewater on the surface of the soil but also
waste, mineral fertilizers etc., which thus migrate into the soil or reach the surface
waters [25].
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• Chemical pollution—caused by the discharge of chemical substances in the
water [24].
• The factors causing water pollution are grouped as follows:
• Demographic factors—represented by population numbers in a given area, and
pollution is generally proportional to population density;
• Urbanistic factors—corresponding to the development of human settlements,
which use large quantities of water which are returned into nature in the form
of intensely contaminated wastewater;
• Industrial or economic factors—represented by the level of economic and industrial development of a region [25, 26].
4.2.3 Water Pollution Sources
Water pollution sources are classified according to several criteria:
• By their origin: domestic activities; industry; agriculture; transports
• By the origin of pollutants: local sources (e.g. sewerage pipes, discharge platforms); diffuse sources (e.g.: pollutants spread over a large area);
• By position: fixed sources (e.g.: industrial, animal breeding activities); mobile
sources (e.g.: cars, houses, moving equipment).
However, the most frequent sources of pollution are domestic, industrial and
those caused by livestock breeding activities, causing domestic pollution, industrial
pollution, and pollution due to agricultural activities.
Domestic pollution is proportional to the population.
Domestic wastewater mainly contains putrefactive organic matter (carbohydrates,
proteins, lipids), most of which decanting, resulting in layers of the organic slurry.
Among the organic materials which are characteristic of domestic pollution are
also dissolved salts in the form of calcium, magnesium, bicarbonates, sulphates, etc.,
which are found in much lower quantities than organic matter.
Industrial pollution—is specific to industrially developed areas. Pollutants are
very variable, depending on the field of activity.
They can be represented by raw materials, intermediate products or end products,
by-products or co-products.
Pollution caused by agricultural activities—are represented by animal waste, natural or synthetic fertilizers, soil erosion due to inappropriate soil processing, etc.
Another type of pollution is caused by meteoric waters—the meteoric waters
cause the movement of various types of wastewater on the surface of the soil but also
waste, mineral fertilizers etc., which thus migrate into the soil or reach the surface
waters [25].