140
F. Morar et al.
In order to improve the quality of surface waters in Romania, the above mentioned
anthropic pressures are taken into consideration and, at the same time, specialists are
looking for adequate, real solutions for the implementation of projects aiming at
improving the quality of the waters.
Therefore, to increase the efficiency and flexibility of water resources and their
consumption, it is necessary to re-examine the technical aspects of water systems,
economic issues and water management legislation associated with water consumption priorities [16].
4.2.2 Classification of Water Pollution
Classification of surface water pollution can be done according to several criteria:
I—according to the mode of production of water pollution:
• Natural pollution—for example when water passes through soluble rocks, it is
charged with different salts, or when the flowering of water occurs;
• Artificial pollution—due to sources of waste-water from anthropogenic activities;
• Controlled or organized pollution—originated from wastewater transported
through the sewerage at certain points;
• Uncontrolled pollution—comes from sources of liquid pollution which emerge
naturally, most often through meteoric waters transporting pollutants from the
ground into rivers;
• Normal pollution—comes from familiar sources of pollution, collected and transported through the sewerage network to the treatment plant or transported directly
to the receiver;
• Accidental pollution—may be the result of industrial process disturbances when
large quantities of harmful substances are discharged in the sewage network or
accidental uptake of toxic substances directly into emissaries, etc.
• Primary pollution—represented by the deposit of suspended substances in wastewater discharged into the ground, on the bottom or banks of the river;
• Secondary pollution—given by the gases resulting from the fermentation of
organic matter from suspended matter in the emissary and which cause the movement of the remaining substances, bringing them to the surface of the water, from
where they are then transported downstream by the water stream [23].
II—according to the nature of the polluting agent:
• Biological, bacteriological, viral and parasitological pollution (directly or indirectly linked to human presence);
• Physical pollution—due in particular to radioactive substances as well as to thermal
pollution by the discharge of hot fluids into emissaries and also by insoluble
elements which are suspended or sedimented;
F. Morar et al.
In order to improve the quality of surface waters in Romania, the above mentioned
anthropic pressures are taken into consideration and, at the same time, specialists are
looking for adequate, real solutions for the implementation of projects aiming at
improving the quality of the waters.
Therefore, to increase the efficiency and flexibility of water resources and their
consumption, it is necessary to re-examine the technical aspects of water systems,
economic issues and water management legislation associated with water consumption priorities [16].
4.2.2 Classification of Water Pollution
Classification of surface water pollution can be done according to several criteria:
I—according to the mode of production of water pollution:
• Natural pollution—for example when water passes through soluble rocks, it is
charged with different salts, or when the flowering of water occurs;
• Artificial pollution—due to sources of waste-water from anthropogenic activities;
• Controlled or organized pollution—originated from wastewater transported
through the sewerage at certain points;
• Uncontrolled pollution—comes from sources of liquid pollution which emerge
naturally, most often through meteoric waters transporting pollutants from the
ground into rivers;
• Normal pollution—comes from familiar sources of pollution, collected and transported through the sewerage network to the treatment plant or transported directly
to the receiver;
• Accidental pollution—may be the result of industrial process disturbances when
large quantities of harmful substances are discharged in the sewage network or
accidental uptake of toxic substances directly into emissaries, etc.
• Primary pollution—represented by the deposit of suspended substances in wastewater discharged into the ground, on the bottom or banks of the river;
• Secondary pollution—given by the gases resulting from the fermentation of
organic matter from suspended matter in the emissary and which cause the movement of the remaining substances, bringing them to the surface of the water, from
where they are then transported downstream by the water stream [23].
II—according to the nature of the polluting agent:
• Biological, bacteriological, viral and parasitological pollution (directly or indirectly linked to human presence);
• Physical pollution—due in particular to radioactive substances as well as to thermal
pollution by the discharge of hot fluids into emissaries and also by insoluble
elements which are suspended or sedimented;