4 Management of Surfaces Water Resources—Ecological Status …
139
The main source of drinking water, industrial water, but also for agriculture and fish
farming is surface water. But this water is constantly subjected to the pressure of the
anthropic factors, which causes its pollution, which will bring about the degradation
of the environment with all its components.
Water pollution is currently considered a major problem faced by mankind, all the
more so as economic agents—in the present case—discharge into the environment
(natural environment) more and more quantities of polluting substances and matter
[17].
Since pollution is a phenomenon without frontiers, an analysis of the pollution
mechanism and of its effects on ecosystems should include a study on the interdependence of the three components of the environment: water, air, and soil, because
an affected component also affects the other components.
4.2.1 The Necessity of Water Quality Protection
The treatment of water quality from domestic activity is closely related to taxes,
income, but also to the size of the consuming population.
Domestic pollution caused by combustion processes, the location of drainage
channels, the location of solid waste disposal lakes, the flow of liquid fuels from
tanks and the flow of urban water.
In rural areas, domestic sewage is usually routed directly to surface waters (without
pre-treatment) or to groundwater through infiltration. In urban areas, wastewater is
usually collected and directed to treatment plants, but these are either not sufficiently
equipped or defective or in some cases, they do not exist [18, 19].
Industry affects water and air contamination in many ways. Agriculture, through
fertilization and treatment schemes against diseases and pests, is a source of water
and soil pollution.
The most important pollutants of surface waters that affect soil and groundwater
are nitrates and phosphates, pathogenic elements, bacteria, heavy metals, microorganic compounds, etc.
The protection of the quantity and quality of existing waters for the future must
be done in an integrated international context respecting the laws of the hydrological
cycles in hydrographic basins, in aquifer levels or at a regional scale [20, 21].
According to the provisions of the Water Framework Directive, the rivers, coastal
areas and lakes of Europe must be classified as having “good ecological status” in
terms of quality.
In order to accomplish this, European citizens have an important role, because
they need to be informed and involved in the preparation of river basin management
plans for the main water courses.
They must also take into account pressures from anthropogenic activities (e.g.
domestic and industrial waste water discharges, activities in intensive farming, especially the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides) [22].
139
The main source of drinking water, industrial water, but also for agriculture and fish
farming is surface water. But this water is constantly subjected to the pressure of the
anthropic factors, which causes its pollution, which will bring about the degradation
of the environment with all its components.
Water pollution is currently considered a major problem faced by mankind, all the
more so as economic agents—in the present case—discharge into the environment
(natural environment) more and more quantities of polluting substances and matter
[17].
Since pollution is a phenomenon without frontiers, an analysis of the pollution
mechanism and of its effects on ecosystems should include a study on the interdependence of the three components of the environment: water, air, and soil, because
an affected component also affects the other components.
4.2.1 The Necessity of Water Quality Protection
The treatment of water quality from domestic activity is closely related to taxes,
income, but also to the size of the consuming population.
Domestic pollution caused by combustion processes, the location of drainage
channels, the location of solid waste disposal lakes, the flow of liquid fuels from
tanks and the flow of urban water.
In rural areas, domestic sewage is usually routed directly to surface waters (without
pre-treatment) or to groundwater through infiltration. In urban areas, wastewater is
usually collected and directed to treatment plants, but these are either not sufficiently
equipped or defective or in some cases, they do not exist [18, 19].
Industry affects water and air contamination in many ways. Agriculture, through
fertilization and treatment schemes against diseases and pests, is a source of water
and soil pollution.
The most important pollutants of surface waters that affect soil and groundwater
are nitrates and phosphates, pathogenic elements, bacteria, heavy metals, microorganic compounds, etc.
The protection of the quantity and quality of existing waters for the future must
be done in an integrated international context respecting the laws of the hydrological
cycles in hydrographic basins, in aquifer levels or at a regional scale [20, 21].
According to the provisions of the Water Framework Directive, the rivers, coastal
areas and lakes of Europe must be classified as having “good ecological status” in
terms of quality.
In order to accomplish this, European citizens have an important role, because
they need to be informed and involved in the preparation of river basin management
plans for the main water courses.
They must also take into account pressures from anthropogenic activities (e.g.
domestic and industrial waste water discharges, activities in intensive farming, especially the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides) [22].