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F. Morar et al.
Pollution prevention and the recovery of contaminated water resources must be the
primary objective of water treatment. The current water resources and those which
will be located in the future will be protected by legislation, measurement techniques
and land use planning.
The quality of water defined by its physical, chemical and biological characteristics are, in a general way, the condition of the existence of life and, in particular, of
human activities.
Water quality is the set of quantified physical, chemical, biological, and bacteriological characteristics which allow the sample to be grouped into one category, thus
acquiring the ability to serve a particular purpose.
The United Nations Global Environment Monitoring System (GEMS) stipulates
the monitoring of water quality according to three categories of parameters [13]:
• Basic parameters: temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, colibacilli;
• Parameters indicating persistent pollution: cadmium, mercury, organohalogenated compounds and mineral oils;
• Optional parameters: total organic carbon, biochemical oxygen demand, anionic
detergents, heavy metals, arsenic, chlorine, sodium, cyanides, total oils, streptococci [13].
All natural waters contain substances from the environment, natural substances
or substances from anthropogenic activities.
The parameters indicating natural water quality and their values can be found in
Table 4.1. The units of measure or expression of parameters are: milligrams (mg.),
Milligrams/liter (mg/l), millisiemens/centimeters (ms/cm), percentage (%), according to the analyzed parameter [14, 15].
Table 4.1 Values of natural
water quality parameters [16]
Parameters
Units of expression
Values
pH
units
6.5–8.5
TDS (dissolved
substance)
mg
≈200
EC (electrical behavior)
ms/cm
≈0.3
Alkalinity
mg CaCO 3 /l
≈100
Hardness
mg CaCO 3 /l
≈50
Organic carbon
mg C/l
≈25
Organic carbon dissolved
mg C/l
0.1–10
Biochemical
consumption, oxygen
mg O 2 /l
1.5–3.0
Chemical consumption
mg O 2 /l
10–20
Oxygen
%
75–125
Nitrates
mg N/l
1–4
Phosphates
mg P/l
≈0.1
F. Morar et al.
Pollution prevention and the recovery of contaminated water resources must be the
primary objective of water treatment. The current water resources and those which
will be located in the future will be protected by legislation, measurement techniques
and land use planning.
The quality of water defined by its physical, chemical and biological characteristics are, in a general way, the condition of the existence of life and, in particular, of
human activities.
Water quality is the set of quantified physical, chemical, biological, and bacteriological characteristics which allow the sample to be grouped into one category, thus
acquiring the ability to serve a particular purpose.
The United Nations Global Environment Monitoring System (GEMS) stipulates
the monitoring of water quality according to three categories of parameters [13]:
• Basic parameters: temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, colibacilli;
• Parameters indicating persistent pollution: cadmium, mercury, organohalogenated compounds and mineral oils;
• Optional parameters: total organic carbon, biochemical oxygen demand, anionic
detergents, heavy metals, arsenic, chlorine, sodium, cyanides, total oils, streptococci [13].
All natural waters contain substances from the environment, natural substances
or substances from anthropogenic activities.
The parameters indicating natural water quality and their values can be found in
Table 4.1. The units of measure or expression of parameters are: milligrams (mg.),
Milligrams/liter (mg/l), millisiemens/centimeters (ms/cm), percentage (%), according to the analyzed parameter [14, 15].
Table 4.1 Values of natural
water quality parameters [16]
Parameters
Units of expression
Values
pH
units
6.5–8.5
TDS (dissolved
substance)
mg
≈200
EC (electrical behavior)
ms/cm
≈0.3
Alkalinity
mg CaCO 3 /l
≈100
Hardness
mg CaCO 3 /l
≈50
Organic carbon
mg C/l
≈25
Organic carbon dissolved
mg C/l
0.1–10
Biochemical
consumption, oxygen
mg O 2 /l
1.5–3.0
Chemical consumption
mg O 2 /l
10–20
Oxygen
%
75–125
Nitrates
mg N/l
1–4
Phosphates
mg P/l
≈0.1