Gu BJ, Ju XT, Chang SX et al (2017) Nitrogen use efficiencies in Chinese agricultural systems and
implications for food security and environmental protection. Reg Environ Chang 17
(4):1217–1227
Guo JH, Liu XJ, Zhang Y et al (2010) Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands. Science
327(5968):1008–1010
Gupta KJ, Fernie AR, Kaiser WM et al (2011) On the origins of nitric oxide. Trends Plant Sci 16
(3):160–168
Hayatsu M, Tago K, Saito M (2008) Various players in the nitrogen cycle: diversity and functions
of the microorganisms involved in nitrification and denitrification. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 54
(1):33–45
Haynes RJ, Williams PH (1993) Nutrient cycling and soil fertility in the grazed pasture ecosystem.
Adv Agron 49:119–199
Herridge DF, Peoples MB, Boddey RM (2008) Global inputs of biological nitrogen fixation in
agricultural systems. Plant Soil 311(1–2):1–18
Hou Y, Ma L, Gao ZL et al (2013) The driving forces for nitrogen and phosphorus flows in the food
chain of China, 1980 to 2010. J Environ Qual 42(4):962–971
Huang J, Xu CC, Ridoutt BG et al (2017) Nitrogen and phosphorus losses and eutrophication
potential associated with fertilizer application to cropland in China. J Clean Prod 159:171–179
Jiao XQ, Lyu Y, Wu XB et al (2016) Grain production versus resource and environmental costs:
towards increasing sustainability of nutrient use in China. J Exp Bot 67(17):4935–4949
Ju XT, Zhang FS, Bao XM et al (2005) Utilization and management of organic wastes in Chinese
agriculture: past, present and perspectives. Sci China Ser C 48:965–979
Ju XT, Kou CL, Zhang FS et al (2006) Nitrogen balance and groundwater nitrate contamination:
Comparison among three intensive cropping systems on the North China Plain. Environ Pollut
143(1):117–125
Ju XT, Xing GX, Chen XP et al. (2009) Reducing environmental risk by improving N management
in intensive Chinese agricultural systems (vol 106 (19), pg 3041). P Natl Acad Sci USA
Ju XT, Gu BJ, Wu YY et al (2016) Reducing China’s fertilizer use by increasing farm size. Glob
Environ Chang 41:26–32
Ladha JK, Pathak H, Krupnik TJ et al (2005) Efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen in cereal production:
Retrospects and prospects. Adv Agron 87:85–156
Ladha JK, Tirol-Padre A, Reddy CK et al (2016) Global nitrogen budgets in cereals: A 50-year
assessment for maize, rice, and wheat production systems. Sci Rep UK 6:19355
Lassaletta L, Billen G, Grizzetti B et al (2014) 50 year trends in nitrogen use efficiency of world
cropping systems: the relationship between yield and nitrogen input to cropland. Environ Res
Lett 9:105011
Lassaletta L, Billen G, Garnier J et al (2016) Nitrogen use in the global food system: past trends and
future trajectories of agronomic performance, pollution, trade, and dietary demand. Environ Res
Lett 11:095007
Li SX, Wang ZH, Hu TT et al (2009) Nitrogen in dryland soils of China and its management. Adv
Agron 101:123–181
Li ST, He P, Jin JY (2013a) Nitrogen use efficiency in grain production and the estimated nitrogen
input/output balance in China agriculture. J Sci Food Agr 93(5):1191–1197
Li YX, Zhang WF, Ma L et al (2013b) An analysis of China’s fertilizer policies: impacts on the
industry, food security, and the environment. J Environ Qual 42(4):972–981
Li QQ, Yang AL, Wang ZH et al (2015) Effect of a new urease inhibitor on ammonia volatilization
and nitrogen utilization in wheat in north and northwest China. Field Crop Res 175:96–105
Li XY, Liu NJ, You LZ et al (2016) Patterns of cereal yield growth across China from 1980 to 2010
and their implications for food production and food security. PLoS One 11(7):e0159061
Li QQ, Liu XJ, Roelcke M et al (2017a) Role of a urease inhibitor Limus in decreasing ammonia
volatilization and improving maize nitrogen utilization in North China Plain. Sci Rep 7:43853
Li TY, Zhang WF, Yin J et al (2017b) Enhanced-efficiency fertilizers are not a panacea for
resolving the nitrogen problem. Glob Chang Biol 23:1917–1925
13 Nitrogen Regulation in China’s Agricultural Systems
307
implications for food security and environmental protection. Reg Environ Chang 17
(4):1217–1227
Guo JH, Liu XJ, Zhang Y et al (2010) Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands. Science
327(5968):1008–1010
Gupta KJ, Fernie AR, Kaiser WM et al (2011) On the origins of nitric oxide. Trends Plant Sci 16
(3):160–168
Hayatsu M, Tago K, Saito M (2008) Various players in the nitrogen cycle: diversity and functions
of the microorganisms involved in nitrification and denitrification. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 54
(1):33–45
Haynes RJ, Williams PH (1993) Nutrient cycling and soil fertility in the grazed pasture ecosystem.
Adv Agron 49:119–199
Herridge DF, Peoples MB, Boddey RM (2008) Global inputs of biological nitrogen fixation in
agricultural systems. Plant Soil 311(1–2):1–18
Hou Y, Ma L, Gao ZL et al (2013) The driving forces for nitrogen and phosphorus flows in the food
chain of China, 1980 to 2010. J Environ Qual 42(4):962–971
Huang J, Xu CC, Ridoutt BG et al (2017) Nitrogen and phosphorus losses and eutrophication
potential associated with fertilizer application to cropland in China. J Clean Prod 159:171–179
Jiao XQ, Lyu Y, Wu XB et al (2016) Grain production versus resource and environmental costs:
towards increasing sustainability of nutrient use in China. J Exp Bot 67(17):4935–4949
Ju XT, Zhang FS, Bao XM et al (2005) Utilization and management of organic wastes in Chinese
agriculture: past, present and perspectives. Sci China Ser C 48:965–979
Ju XT, Kou CL, Zhang FS et al (2006) Nitrogen balance and groundwater nitrate contamination:
Comparison among three intensive cropping systems on the North China Plain. Environ Pollut
143(1):117–125
Ju XT, Xing GX, Chen XP et al. (2009) Reducing environmental risk by improving N management
in intensive Chinese agricultural systems (vol 106 (19), pg 3041). P Natl Acad Sci USA
Ju XT, Gu BJ, Wu YY et al (2016) Reducing China’s fertilizer use by increasing farm size. Glob
Environ Chang 41:26–32
Ladha JK, Pathak H, Krupnik TJ et al (2005) Efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen in cereal production:
Retrospects and prospects. Adv Agron 87:85–156
Ladha JK, Tirol-Padre A, Reddy CK et al (2016) Global nitrogen budgets in cereals: A 50-year
assessment for maize, rice, and wheat production systems. Sci Rep UK 6:19355
Lassaletta L, Billen G, Grizzetti B et al (2014) 50 year trends in nitrogen use efficiency of world
cropping systems: the relationship between yield and nitrogen input to cropland. Environ Res
Lett 9:105011
Lassaletta L, Billen G, Garnier J et al (2016) Nitrogen use in the global food system: past trends and
future trajectories of agronomic performance, pollution, trade, and dietary demand. Environ Res
Lett 11:095007
Li SX, Wang ZH, Hu TT et al (2009) Nitrogen in dryland soils of China and its management. Adv
Agron 101:123–181
Li ST, He P, Jin JY (2013a) Nitrogen use efficiency in grain production and the estimated nitrogen
input/output balance in China agriculture. J Sci Food Agr 93(5):1191–1197
Li YX, Zhang WF, Ma L et al (2013b) An analysis of China’s fertilizer policies: impacts on the
industry, food security, and the environment. J Environ Qual 42(4):972–981
Li QQ, Yang AL, Wang ZH et al (2015) Effect of a new urease inhibitor on ammonia volatilization
and nitrogen utilization in wheat in north and northwest China. Field Crop Res 175:96–105
Li XY, Liu NJ, You LZ et al (2016) Patterns of cereal yield growth across China from 1980 to 2010
and their implications for food production and food security. PLoS One 11(7):e0159061
Li QQ, Liu XJ, Roelcke M et al (2017a) Role of a urease inhibitor Limus in decreasing ammonia
volatilization and improving maize nitrogen utilization in North China Plain. Sci Rep 7:43853
Li TY, Zhang WF, Yin J et al (2017b) Enhanced-efficiency fertilizers are not a panacea for
resolving the nitrogen problem. Glob Chang Biol 23:1917–1925
13 Nitrogen Regulation in China’s Agricultural Systems
307