Liu XJ, Zhang Y, Han WX et al (2013) Enhanced nitrogen deposition over China. Nature 494
(7438):459–462
Liu RM, Wang JW, Shi JH et al (2014a) Runoff characteristics and nutrient loss mechanism from
plain farmland under simulated rainfall conditions. Sci Total Environ 468:1069–1077
Liu Y, Huang JK, Zikhali P (2014b) Use of human excreta as manure in rural China. J Integr Agric
13(2):434–442
Malhi SS, Grant CA, Johnston AM et al (2001) Nitrogen fertilization management for no-till cereal
production in the Canadian Great Plains: a review. Soil Tillage Res 60(3–4):101–122
Mcgarry SJ, Otoole P, Morgan MA (1987) Effects of soil-temperature and moisture-content on
ammonia volatilization from urea-treated pasture and tillage soils. Irish J Agr Res 26
(2–3):173–182
Meng FQ, Qiao YH, Wu WL et al (2017) Environmental impacts and production performances of
organic agriculture in China: a monetary valuation. J Environ Manag 188:49–57
Miao YX, Stewart BA, Zhang FS (2011) Long-term experiments for sustainable nutrient management in China. A review. Agron Sustain Dev 31(2):397–414
Mueller ND, Gerber JS, Johnston M et al (2012) Closing yield gaps through nutrient and water
management. Nature 490(7419):254–257
Mueller ND, Lassaletta L, Runck BC et al (2017) Declining spatial efficiency of global cropland
nitrogen allocation. Global Biogeochem Cy 31(2):245–257
National Bureau of Statistics of China (2016) China Statistical Yearbook 2016. Beijing:China
Statistics press
Ouyang W, Skidmore AK, Toxopeus AG et al (2010) Long-term vegetation landscape pattern with
non-point source nutrient pollution in upper stream of Yellow River basin. J Hydrol 389
(3–4):373–380
Reis S, Pinder RW, Zhang M et al (2009) Reactive nitrogen in atmospheric emission inventories.
Atmos Chem Phys 9(19):7657–7677
Reis S, Bekunda M, Howard CM et al (2016) Synthesis and review: tackling the nitrogen
management challenge: from global to local scales. Environ Res Lett 11(12):120205
Robertson GP, Vitousek PM (2009) Nitrogen in agriculture: balancing the cost of an essential
resource. Annu Rev Environ Resour 34:97–125
Schepers JS, Varvel GE, Watts DG (1995) Nitrogen and water management strategies to reduce
nitrate Leaching under irrigated maize. J Contam Hydrol 20(3–4):227–239
Shi WM, Yao J, Yan F (2009) Vegetable cultivation under greenhouse conditions leads to rapid
accumulation of nutrients, acidification and salinity of soils and groundwater contamination in
South-Eastern China. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 83(1):73–84
Sommer SG, Schjoerring JK, Denmead OT (2004) Ammonia emission from mineral fertilizers and
fertilized crops. Adv Agron 82:557–622
Sun B, Shen RP, Bouwman AF (2008) Surface N balances in agricultural crop production systems
in China for the period 1980–2015. Pedosphere 18(3):304–315
Sutton MA, Howard CM, Erisman JW et al (2011a) The European nitrogen assessment. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, UK
Sutton MA, Oenema O, Erisman JW et al (2011b) Too much of a good thing. Nature 472
(7342):159–161
Sutton MA, Reis S, Riddick SN, Dragosits U et al (2013) Towards a climate-dependent paradigm of
ammonia emission and deposition. Philos T R Soc B 368:20130166
Thomson AJ, Giannopoulos G, Pretty J et al (2012) Biological sources and sinks of nitrous oxide
and strategies to mitigate emissions. Philos T R Soc B 367(1593):1157–1168
Ti CP, Yan XY (2013) Spatial and temporal variations of river nitrogen exports from major basins
in China. Environ Sci Pollut R 20(9):6509–6520
Ti CP, Pan JJ, Xia YQ et al (2012) A nitrogen budget of mainland China with spatial and temporal
variation. Biogeochemistry 108(1–3):381–394
Ti CP, Luo YX, Yan XY (2015) Characteristics of nitrogen balance in open-air and greenhouse
vegetable cropping systems of China. Environ Sci Pollut R 22(23):18508–18518
308
C. Ti and X. Yan
(7438):459–462
Liu RM, Wang JW, Shi JH et al (2014a) Runoff characteristics and nutrient loss mechanism from
plain farmland under simulated rainfall conditions. Sci Total Environ 468:1069–1077
Liu Y, Huang JK, Zikhali P (2014b) Use of human excreta as manure in rural China. J Integr Agric
13(2):434–442
Malhi SS, Grant CA, Johnston AM et al (2001) Nitrogen fertilization management for no-till cereal
production in the Canadian Great Plains: a review. Soil Tillage Res 60(3–4):101–122
Mcgarry SJ, Otoole P, Morgan MA (1987) Effects of soil-temperature and moisture-content on
ammonia volatilization from urea-treated pasture and tillage soils. Irish J Agr Res 26
(2–3):173–182
Meng FQ, Qiao YH, Wu WL et al (2017) Environmental impacts and production performances of
organic agriculture in China: a monetary valuation. J Environ Manag 188:49–57
Miao YX, Stewart BA, Zhang FS (2011) Long-term experiments for sustainable nutrient management in China. A review. Agron Sustain Dev 31(2):397–414
Mueller ND, Gerber JS, Johnston M et al (2012) Closing yield gaps through nutrient and water
management. Nature 490(7419):254–257
Mueller ND, Lassaletta L, Runck BC et al (2017) Declining spatial efficiency of global cropland
nitrogen allocation. Global Biogeochem Cy 31(2):245–257
National Bureau of Statistics of China (2016) China Statistical Yearbook 2016. Beijing:China
Statistics press
Ouyang W, Skidmore AK, Toxopeus AG et al (2010) Long-term vegetation landscape pattern with
non-point source nutrient pollution in upper stream of Yellow River basin. J Hydrol 389
(3–4):373–380
Reis S, Pinder RW, Zhang M et al (2009) Reactive nitrogen in atmospheric emission inventories.
Atmos Chem Phys 9(19):7657–7677
Reis S, Bekunda M, Howard CM et al (2016) Synthesis and review: tackling the nitrogen
management challenge: from global to local scales. Environ Res Lett 11(12):120205
Robertson GP, Vitousek PM (2009) Nitrogen in agriculture: balancing the cost of an essential
resource. Annu Rev Environ Resour 34:97–125
Schepers JS, Varvel GE, Watts DG (1995) Nitrogen and water management strategies to reduce
nitrate Leaching under irrigated maize. J Contam Hydrol 20(3–4):227–239
Shi WM, Yao J, Yan F (2009) Vegetable cultivation under greenhouse conditions leads to rapid
accumulation of nutrients, acidification and salinity of soils and groundwater contamination in
South-Eastern China. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 83(1):73–84
Sommer SG, Schjoerring JK, Denmead OT (2004) Ammonia emission from mineral fertilizers and
fertilized crops. Adv Agron 82:557–622
Sun B, Shen RP, Bouwman AF (2008) Surface N balances in agricultural crop production systems
in China for the period 1980–2015. Pedosphere 18(3):304–315
Sutton MA, Howard CM, Erisman JW et al (2011a) The European nitrogen assessment. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, UK
Sutton MA, Oenema O, Erisman JW et al (2011b) Too much of a good thing. Nature 472
(7342):159–161
Sutton MA, Reis S, Riddick SN, Dragosits U et al (2013) Towards a climate-dependent paradigm of
ammonia emission and deposition. Philos T R Soc B 368:20130166
Thomson AJ, Giannopoulos G, Pretty J et al (2012) Biological sources and sinks of nitrous oxide
and strategies to mitigate emissions. Philos T R Soc B 367(1593):1157–1168
Ti CP, Yan XY (2013) Spatial and temporal variations of river nitrogen exports from major basins
in China. Environ Sci Pollut R 20(9):6509–6520
Ti CP, Pan JJ, Xia YQ et al (2012) A nitrogen budget of mainland China with spatial and temporal
variation. Biogeochemistry 108(1–3):381–394
Ti CP, Luo YX, Yan XY (2015) Characteristics of nitrogen balance in open-air and greenhouse
vegetable cropping systems of China. Environ Sci Pollut R 22(23):18508–18518
308
C. Ti and X. Yan