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Disease Study 2013. Lancet 386:2287–2323
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compounds in tropospheric particles (PM 10 ) over Central China. Atmos Chem Phys
14:4185–4199
Fu X, Wang S, Xing J et al (2017) Increasing ammonia concentrations reduce the effectiveness of
particle pollution control achieved via SO 2 and NO x emissions reduction in East China. Environ
Sci Technol Lett 4:221–227
Ge X, Wexler AS, Clegg SL (2011) Atmospheric amines – Part I. A review. Atmos Environ
45:524–546
Guo TJ, Wang YY, Zhang HG et al (2018) The association between ambient PM 2.5 exposure and
the risk of preterm birth in China: a retrospective cohort study. Sci Total Environ
633:1453–1459
Habre R, Zhou H, Eckel SP et al (2018) Short-term effects of airport-associated ultrafine particle
exposure on lung function and inflammation in adults with asthma. Environ Int 118:48–59
Han L, Zhou W, Li W (2016) Fine particulate (PM 2.5 ) dynamics during rapid urbanization in
Beijing, 1973–2013. Sci Rep 6:23604
Heald CL, Collett JL Jr, Lee T et al (2012) Atmospheric ammonia and particulate inorganic nitrogen
over the United States. Atmos Chem Phys 12:10295–10312
Hu G, Zhang Y, Sun J et al (2014) Variability, formation and acidity of water-soluble ions in PM 2.5
in Beijing based on the semi-continuous observations. Atmos Res 145–146:1–11
Huang RJ, Zhang YL, Bozzetti C et al (2014) High secondary aerosol contribution to particulate
pollution during haze events in China. Nature 514:218–222
Huang X, Liu Z, Zhang J et al (2016) Seasonal variation and secondary formation of size-segregated
aerosol water-soluble inorganic ions during pollution episodes in Beijing. Atmos Res
168:70–79
Jokinen T, Berndt T, Makkonen R et al (2015) Production of extremely low volatile organic
compounds from biogenic emissions: measured yields and atmospheric implications. Proc
Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:7123–7128
Kanakidou M, Duce RA, Prospero JM et al (2012) Atmospheric fluxes of organic N and P to the
global ocean. Global Biogeochem Cy 26:GB3026
Kirkby J, Curtius J, Almeida J et al (2011) Role of sulphuric acid, ammonia and galactic cosmic
rays in atmospheric aerosol nucleation. Nature 476:429–433
Kirkby J, Duplissy J, Sengupta K et al (2016) Ion-induced nucleation of pure biogenic particles.
Nature 533:521–526
Krotkov NA, McLinden CA, Li C et al (2016) Aura OMI observations of regional SO 2 and NO 2
pollution changes from 2005 to 2015. Atmos Chem Phys 16:4605–4629
Kuerten A, Jokinen T, Simon M et al (2014) Neutral molecular cluster formation of sulfuric aciddimethylamine observed in real time under atmospheric conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
111:15019–15024
Kulmala M, Kontkanen J, Junninen H et al (2013) Direct observations of atmospheric aerosol
nucleation. Science 339:943–946
Kundu S, Kawamura K, Lee M (2010) Seasonal variation of the concentrations of nitrogenous
species and their nitrogen isotopic ratios in aerosols at Gosan, Jeju Island: implications for
atmospheric processing and source changes of aerosols. J Geophys Res 115:D20305. https://doi.
org/10.1029/2009JD013323
Kurtén T, Loukonen V, Vehkamäki H et al (2008) Amines are likely to enhance neutral and
ion-induced sulfuric acid-water nucleation in the atmosphere more effectively than ammonia.
Atmos Chem Phys 8:4095–4103
Lachatre M, Fortems-Cheiney A, Foret G et al (2018) The unintended consequence of SO 2 and NO 2
regulations over China: increase of ammonia levels and impact on PM 2.5 concentrations. Atmos
Chem Phys Discuss. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-1092
6 Contribution of Atmospheric Reactive Nitrogen to Haze Pollution in China
131
clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of
Disease Study 2013. Lancet 386:2287–2323
Fu PQ, Kawamura K, Cheng Y et al (2014) Aircraft measurements of polar organic tracer
compounds in tropospheric particles (PM 10 ) over Central China. Atmos Chem Phys
14:4185–4199
Fu X, Wang S, Xing J et al (2017) Increasing ammonia concentrations reduce the effectiveness of
particle pollution control achieved via SO 2 and NO x emissions reduction in East China. Environ
Sci Technol Lett 4:221–227
Ge X, Wexler AS, Clegg SL (2011) Atmospheric amines – Part I. A review. Atmos Environ
45:524–546
Guo TJ, Wang YY, Zhang HG et al (2018) The association between ambient PM 2.5 exposure and
the risk of preterm birth in China: a retrospective cohort study. Sci Total Environ
633:1453–1459
Habre R, Zhou H, Eckel SP et al (2018) Short-term effects of airport-associated ultrafine particle
exposure on lung function and inflammation in adults with asthma. Environ Int 118:48–59
Han L, Zhou W, Li W (2016) Fine particulate (PM 2.5 ) dynamics during rapid urbanization in
Beijing, 1973–2013. Sci Rep 6:23604
Heald CL, Collett JL Jr, Lee T et al (2012) Atmospheric ammonia and particulate inorganic nitrogen
over the United States. Atmos Chem Phys 12:10295–10312
Hu G, Zhang Y, Sun J et al (2014) Variability, formation and acidity of water-soluble ions in PM 2.5
in Beijing based on the semi-continuous observations. Atmos Res 145–146:1–11
Huang RJ, Zhang YL, Bozzetti C et al (2014) High secondary aerosol contribution to particulate
pollution during haze events in China. Nature 514:218–222
Huang X, Liu Z, Zhang J et al (2016) Seasonal variation and secondary formation of size-segregated
aerosol water-soluble inorganic ions during pollution episodes in Beijing. Atmos Res
168:70–79
Jokinen T, Berndt T, Makkonen R et al (2015) Production of extremely low volatile organic
compounds from biogenic emissions: measured yields and atmospheric implications. Proc
Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:7123–7128
Kanakidou M, Duce RA, Prospero JM et al (2012) Atmospheric fluxes of organic N and P to the
global ocean. Global Biogeochem Cy 26:GB3026
Kirkby J, Curtius J, Almeida J et al (2011) Role of sulphuric acid, ammonia and galactic cosmic
rays in atmospheric aerosol nucleation. Nature 476:429–433
Kirkby J, Duplissy J, Sengupta K et al (2016) Ion-induced nucleation of pure biogenic particles.
Nature 533:521–526
Krotkov NA, McLinden CA, Li C et al (2016) Aura OMI observations of regional SO 2 and NO 2
pollution changes from 2005 to 2015. Atmos Chem Phys 16:4605–4629
Kuerten A, Jokinen T, Simon M et al (2014) Neutral molecular cluster formation of sulfuric aciddimethylamine observed in real time under atmospheric conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
111:15019–15024
Kulmala M, Kontkanen J, Junninen H et al (2013) Direct observations of atmospheric aerosol
nucleation. Science 339:943–946
Kundu S, Kawamura K, Lee M (2010) Seasonal variation of the concentrations of nitrogenous
species and their nitrogen isotopic ratios in aerosols at Gosan, Jeju Island: implications for
atmospheric processing and source changes of aerosols. J Geophys Res 115:D20305. https://doi.
org/10.1029/2009JD013323
Kurtén T, Loukonen V, Vehkamäki H et al (2008) Amines are likely to enhance neutral and
ion-induced sulfuric acid-water nucleation in the atmosphere more effectively than ammonia.
Atmos Chem Phys 8:4095–4103
Lachatre M, Fortems-Cheiney A, Foret G et al (2018) The unintended consequence of SO 2 and NO 2
regulations over China: increase of ammonia levels and impact on PM 2.5 concentrations. Atmos
Chem Phys Discuss. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-1092
6 Contribution of Atmospheric Reactive Nitrogen to Haze Pollution in China
131