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7:2166–2170; (g) Iwaso K, Takashima Y, Harada A (2016) Fast response dry-type artificial
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TE (1997) Signaling recognition events with fluorescent sensors and switches. Chem Rev
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45. (a) Chambron JC, Harriman A, Heitz V, Sauvage JP (1993) Effect of the spacer moiety on the
rates of electron transfer within bis-porphyrin-stoppered rotaxanes. J Am Chem Soc
115:7419–7425; (b) Chambron JC, Harriman A, Heitz V, Sauvage JP (1993) Ultrafast photoinduced electron transfer between porphyrinic subunits within a bis (porphyrin)-stoppered
rotaxane. J Am Chem Soc 115:6109–6114
46. (a) Zhang H, Kou XX, Zhang Q, Qu DH, Tian H (2011) Altering intercomponent interactions in
a photochromic multi-state [2]rotaxane. Org Biomol Chem 9:4051–4056; (b) Zhang H, Hu J,
Qu DH (2012) Dual-mode control of PET process in a ferrocene-functionalized [2]rotaxane
with high-contrast fluorescence output. Org Lett 14:2334–2337; (c) Zhang H, Liu Q, Qu DH
(2013) A novel star-shaped zinc porphyrin cored [5]rotaxane. Org Lett 15:338–341;
(d) Zhang H, Zhou B, Li H, Qu DH, Tian H (2013) A ferrocene-functionalized [2]rotaxane
with two fluorophores as stoppers. J Org Chem 78:2091–2098; (e) Zhang JN, Li H, Zhou W, Yu
SL, Qu DH, Tian H (2013) Fluorescence modulation in tribranched switchable [4]rotaxanes.
Chem Eur J 19:17192–17200; (f) Zhang H, Liu Q, Li J, Qu DH (2013) A novel star-shaped zinc
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C.-X. Zhao et al.
(e) Coujon A, Du G, Moulin E, Fuks G, Maaloum M, Buhler E, Giuseppone N (2016)
Hierarchical self-assembly of supramolecular muscle-like fibers. Angew Chem Int Ed
55:703–707; (f) Fu X, Gu RR, Zhang Q, Rao SJ, Zheng XL, Qu DH, Tian H (2016)
Phototriggered supramolecular polymerization of a [c2]daisy chain rotaxane. Polym Chem
7:2166–2170; (g) Iwaso K, Takashima Y, Harada A (2016) Fast response dry-type artificial
molecular muscles with [c2]daisy chains. Nat Chem 8:625–632; (h) Goujon A, Mariani G,
Lang T, Moulin E, Rawiso M, Buhler E, Giuseppone N (2017) Controlled sol-gel transitions by
actuating molecular machine based supramolecular polymers. J Am Chem Soc 139:4923–4928
36. Hou X, Ke C, Bruns CJ, McGonigal PR, Pettman RB, Stoddart JF (2015) Tunable solid-state
fluorescent materials for supramolecular encryption. Nat Commum 6:6884
37. (a) Safont-Sempere MM, Fernández G, Würthner F (2011) Self-sorting phenomena in complex
supramolecular systems. Chem Rev 111:5784–5814; (b) Račkauskait_ e D, Gegevičius R,
Matsuo Y, Wärnmark K, Orentas E (2016) An enantiopure hydrogen-bonded octameric tube:
self-sorting and guest-induced rearrangement. Angew Chem Int Ed 55:208–212
38. Jiang W, Winkler HDF, Schalley CA (2008) Integrative self-sorting: construction of a cascadestoppered hetero[3]rotaxane. J Am Chem Soc 130:13852–13853
39. (a) Fu X, Zhang Q, Rao SJ, Qu DH, Tian H (2016) One-pot synthesis of a [c2]daisy-chaincontaining hetero[4]rotaxane via a self-sorting strategy. Chem Sci 7:1696–1701; (b) Rao SJ,
Zhang Q, Mei J, Ye XH, Gao C, Wang QC, Qu DH, Tian H (2017) One-pot synthesis of hetero
[6]rotaxane bearing three different kinds of macrocycle through a self-sorting process. Chem
Sci 8:6777–6783
40. Feringa BL (2001) Molecular switches. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
41. (a) De Silva AP, Gunaratne HN, Gunnlaugsson T, Huxley A, McCoy CP, Rademacher JT, Rice
TE (1997) Signaling recognition events with fluorescent sensors and switches. Chem Rev
97:1515–1566; (b) Xue Z, Cao Y, Liu N, Feng L, Jiang L (2014) Special wettable materials
for oil/water separation. J Mater Chem A 2:2445–2460; (c) Yu G, Jie K, Huang F (2015)
Supramolecular amphiphiles based on host-guest molecular recognition motifs. Chem Rev
115:7240–7303; (d) Zhao H, Sen S, Udayabhaskararao T, Sawczyk M, Kučanda K,
Manna D, Kundu PK, Lee JW, Král P, Klajn R (2016) Reversible trapping and reaction
acceleration within dynamically self-assembling nanoflasks. Nat Nanotechnol 11:82–88
42. van Dijken DJ, Chen J, Stuart MCA, Hou L, Feringa BL (2016) Amphiphilic molecular motors
for responsive aggregation in water. J Am Chem Soc 138:660–669
43. Colasson B, Credi A, Ragazzon G (2016) Light-driven molecular machines based on ruthenium
(II) polypyridine complexes: strategies and recent advances. Coor Chem Rev. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.ccr.2016.02.012
44. Blanco MJ, Jimenez MC, Chambron JC, Heitz V, Linke M, Sauvage JP (1999) Rotaxanes as
new architectures for photoinduced electron transfer and molecular motions. Chem Soc Rev
28:293–305
45. (a) Chambron JC, Harriman A, Heitz V, Sauvage JP (1993) Effect of the spacer moiety on the
rates of electron transfer within bis-porphyrin-stoppered rotaxanes. J Am Chem Soc
115:7419–7425; (b) Chambron JC, Harriman A, Heitz V, Sauvage JP (1993) Ultrafast photoinduced electron transfer between porphyrinic subunits within a bis (porphyrin)-stoppered
rotaxane. J Am Chem Soc 115:6109–6114
46. (a) Zhang H, Kou XX, Zhang Q, Qu DH, Tian H (2011) Altering intercomponent interactions in
a photochromic multi-state [2]rotaxane. Org Biomol Chem 9:4051–4056; (b) Zhang H, Hu J,
Qu DH (2012) Dual-mode control of PET process in a ferrocene-functionalized [2]rotaxane
with high-contrast fluorescence output. Org Lett 14:2334–2337; (c) Zhang H, Liu Q, Qu DH
(2013) A novel star-shaped zinc porphyrin cored [5]rotaxane. Org Lett 15:338–341;
(d) Zhang H, Zhou B, Li H, Qu DH, Tian H (2013) A ferrocene-functionalized [2]rotaxane
with two fluorophores as stoppers. J Org Chem 78:2091–2098; (e) Zhang JN, Li H, Zhou W, Yu
SL, Qu DH, Tian H (2013) Fluorescence modulation in tribranched switchable [4]rotaxanes.
Chem Eur J 19:17192–17200; (f) Zhang H, Liu Q, Li J, Qu DH (2013) A novel star-shaped zinc
308
C.-X. Zhao et al.