Zhang Q, Gao C, Qu DH (2017) Reversible switching of a supramolecular morphology driven
by an amphiphilic bistable [2]rotaxane. Chem Commun 53:8683–8686; (c) Gao C, Luan ZL,
Zhang Q, Rao SJ, Qu DH, Tian H (2017) A braided hetero[2](3)rotaxane. Org Lett
19:3931–3934; (d) Rao SJ, Zhang Q, Ye XH, Gao C, Qu DH (2018) Integrative self-sorting:
one-pot synthesis of a hetero[4]rotaxane from a daisy-chain-containing hetero[4]pseudorotaxane. Chem Asian J 13:815–821; (e) Zheng XL, Rong TT, Gu RR, Wang WZ, Qu DH
(2018) A switchable [2]rotaxane with two active alkenyl groups. Beilstein J Org Chem
14:2074–2081
27. Affeld A, Hubner GM, Seel C, Schalley CA (2001) Rotaxane or pseudorotaxane? Effects of
small structural variations on the deslipping kinetics of rotaxanes with stopper groups of
intermediate size. Eur J Org Chem:2877–2890
28. (a) Yoon I, Narita M, Shimizu T, Asakawa M (2004) Threading-followed-by-shrinking protocol
for the synthesis of a [2] rotaxane incorporating a Pd (II) – salophen moiety. J Am Chem Soc
126:16740–16741; (b) Hsueh SY, Ko JL, Lai CC, Liu YH, Peng SM, Chiu SH (2011) A metalfree “threading-followed-by-shrinking” protocol for rotaxane synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed
50:6643–6646
29. Chiu CW, Lai CC, Chiu SH (2007) “Threading-followed-by-swelling”: a new protocol for
rotaxane synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 129:3500
30. (a) Qu DH, Feringa BL (2010) Controlling molecular rotary motion with a self-complexing
lock. Angew Chem Int Ed 49:1107–1110; (b) Li H, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Zhang QW, Qu DH
(2012) A switchable ferrocene-based [1]rotaxane with an electrochemical signal output. Org
Lett 14:5900–5903; (c) Li H, Zhang J, Zhou W, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Qu DH, Tian H (2013)
Dual-mode operation of a bistable [1]rotaxane with a fluorescence signal. Org Lett
15:3070–3073; (d) Clavel C, Romuald C, Brabet E, Coutrot F (2013) A pH-sensitive lassobased rotaxane molecular switch. Chem Eur J 19:2982–2989; (e) Waelès P, Clavel C, FournelMarotte K, Coutrot F (2015) Synthesis of triazolium-based mono-and tris-branched [1]
rotaxanes using a molecular transporter of dibenzo-24-crown-8. Chem Sci 6:4828–4836
31. Li H, Li X, Ågren H, Qu DH (2014) Two switchable star-shaped [1](n)rotaxanes with different
multibranched cores. Org Lett 16:4940–4943
32. (a) Barrell MJ, Campaña AG, von Delius M, Geertsema EM, Leigh DA (2011) Light-driven
transport of a molecular walker in either direction along a molecular track. Angew Chem Int Ed
50:285–290; (b) von Delius M, Leigh DA (2011) Walking molecules. Chem Soc Rev
40:3656–3676; (c) Campaña AG, Carlone A, Chen K, Dryden DTF, Leigh DA,
Lewandowska U, Mullen KM (2012) A small molecule that walks non-directionally along a
track without external intervention. Angew Chem Int Ed 51:5480–5483; (d) Campaña AG,
Leigh DA, Lewandowska U (2013) One-dimensional random walk of a synthetic small
molecule toward a thermodynamic sink. J Am Chem Soc 135:8639–8645; (e) Beves JE,
Blanco V, Blight BA, Carrillo R, D’Souza DM, Howgego DC, Leigh DA, Slawin AMZ,
Symes MD (2014) Toward metal complexes that can directionally walk along tracks: controlled
stepping of a molecular biped with a palladium(ii) foot. J Am Chem Soc, 136:2094–2100;
(f) Kassem S, Lee ATL, Leigh DA, Markevicius A, Sola J (2016) Pick-up, transport and release
of a molecular cargo using a small-molecule robotic arm. Nat Chem 8:138–143
33. Jiménez MC, Dietrich-Buchecker C, Sauvage JP (2000) Towards synthetic molecular muscles:
contraction and stretching of a linear rotaxane dimer. Angew Chem Int Ed 39:3284–3287
34. Dong S, Luo Y, Yan X, Zheng B, Ding X, Yu Y, Ma Z, Zhao Q, Huang F (2011) A dualresponsive supramolecular polymer gel formed by crown ether based molecular recognition.
Angew Chem Int Ed 50:1905–1909
35. (a) Fang L, Hmadeh M, Wu J, Olson M, Spruell JM, Trabolsi A, Yang YW, Elhabiri M,
Albrecht-Gary AM, Stoddart JF (2009) Acid-base actuation of [c2]daisy chains. J Am Chem
Soc 131:7126–7134; (b) Clark P, Day MW, Grubbs RH (2009) Switching and extension of a
[c2]daisy-chain dimer polymer. J Am Chem Soc 131:13631–13633; (c) Du G, Moulin E,
Jouault N, Buhler E, Giuseppone N (2012) Muscle-like supramolecular polymers: integrated
motion from thousands of molecular machines. Angew Chem Int Ed 51:12504–12508;
11 Functional Rotaxanes
307
by an amphiphilic bistable [2]rotaxane. Chem Commun 53:8683–8686; (c) Gao C, Luan ZL,
Zhang Q, Rao SJ, Qu DH, Tian H (2017) A braided hetero[2](3)rotaxane. Org Lett
19:3931–3934; (d) Rao SJ, Zhang Q, Ye XH, Gao C, Qu DH (2018) Integrative self-sorting:
one-pot synthesis of a hetero[4]rotaxane from a daisy-chain-containing hetero[4]pseudorotaxane. Chem Asian J 13:815–821; (e) Zheng XL, Rong TT, Gu RR, Wang WZ, Qu DH
(2018) A switchable [2]rotaxane with two active alkenyl groups. Beilstein J Org Chem
14:2074–2081
27. Affeld A, Hubner GM, Seel C, Schalley CA (2001) Rotaxane or pseudorotaxane? Effects of
small structural variations on the deslipping kinetics of rotaxanes with stopper groups of
intermediate size. Eur J Org Chem:2877–2890
28. (a) Yoon I, Narita M, Shimizu T, Asakawa M (2004) Threading-followed-by-shrinking protocol
for the synthesis of a [2] rotaxane incorporating a Pd (II) – salophen moiety. J Am Chem Soc
126:16740–16741; (b) Hsueh SY, Ko JL, Lai CC, Liu YH, Peng SM, Chiu SH (2011) A metalfree “threading-followed-by-shrinking” protocol for rotaxane synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed
50:6643–6646
29. Chiu CW, Lai CC, Chiu SH (2007) “Threading-followed-by-swelling”: a new protocol for
rotaxane synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 129:3500
30. (a) Qu DH, Feringa BL (2010) Controlling molecular rotary motion with a self-complexing
lock. Angew Chem Int Ed 49:1107–1110; (b) Li H, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Zhang QW, Qu DH
(2012) A switchable ferrocene-based [1]rotaxane with an electrochemical signal output. Org
Lett 14:5900–5903; (c) Li H, Zhang J, Zhou W, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Qu DH, Tian H (2013)
Dual-mode operation of a bistable [1]rotaxane with a fluorescence signal. Org Lett
15:3070–3073; (d) Clavel C, Romuald C, Brabet E, Coutrot F (2013) A pH-sensitive lassobased rotaxane molecular switch. Chem Eur J 19:2982–2989; (e) Waelès P, Clavel C, FournelMarotte K, Coutrot F (2015) Synthesis of triazolium-based mono-and tris-branched [1]
rotaxanes using a molecular transporter of dibenzo-24-crown-8. Chem Sci 6:4828–4836
31. Li H, Li X, Ågren H, Qu DH (2014) Two switchable star-shaped [1](n)rotaxanes with different
multibranched cores. Org Lett 16:4940–4943
32. (a) Barrell MJ, Campaña AG, von Delius M, Geertsema EM, Leigh DA (2011) Light-driven
transport of a molecular walker in either direction along a molecular track. Angew Chem Int Ed
50:285–290; (b) von Delius M, Leigh DA (2011) Walking molecules. Chem Soc Rev
40:3656–3676; (c) Campaña AG, Carlone A, Chen K, Dryden DTF, Leigh DA,
Lewandowska U, Mullen KM (2012) A small molecule that walks non-directionally along a
track without external intervention. Angew Chem Int Ed 51:5480–5483; (d) Campaña AG,
Leigh DA, Lewandowska U (2013) One-dimensional random walk of a synthetic small
molecule toward a thermodynamic sink. J Am Chem Soc 135:8639–8645; (e) Beves JE,
Blanco V, Blight BA, Carrillo R, D’Souza DM, Howgego DC, Leigh DA, Slawin AMZ,
Symes MD (2014) Toward metal complexes that can directionally walk along tracks: controlled
stepping of a molecular biped with a palladium(ii) foot. J Am Chem Soc, 136:2094–2100;
(f) Kassem S, Lee ATL, Leigh DA, Markevicius A, Sola J (2016) Pick-up, transport and release
of a molecular cargo using a small-molecule robotic arm. Nat Chem 8:138–143
33. Jiménez MC, Dietrich-Buchecker C, Sauvage JP (2000) Towards synthetic molecular muscles:
contraction and stretching of a linear rotaxane dimer. Angew Chem Int Ed 39:3284–3287
34. Dong S, Luo Y, Yan X, Zheng B, Ding X, Yu Y, Ma Z, Zhao Q, Huang F (2011) A dualresponsive supramolecular polymer gel formed by crown ether based molecular recognition.
Angew Chem Int Ed 50:1905–1909
35. (a) Fang L, Hmadeh M, Wu J, Olson M, Spruell JM, Trabolsi A, Yang YW, Elhabiri M,
Albrecht-Gary AM, Stoddart JF (2009) Acid-base actuation of [c2]daisy chains. J Am Chem
Soc 131:7126–7134; (b) Clark P, Day MW, Grubbs RH (2009) Switching and extension of a
[c2]daisy-chain dimer polymer. J Am Chem Soc 131:13631–13633; (c) Du G, Moulin E,
Jouault N, Buhler E, Giuseppone N (2012) Muscle-like supramolecular polymers: integrated
motion from thousands of molecular machines. Angew Chem Int Ed 51:12504–12508;
11 Functional Rotaxanes
307