Molecular puzzle ring: pseudo[1]rotaxane from a flexible cyclodextrin derivative. J Am Chem
Soc 130:17062–17069; (d) Xia B, Xue M (2014) Design and efficient synthesis of a pillar [5]
arene-based [1] rotaxane. Chem Commun 50:1021–1023; (e) Wu X, Ni M, Xia W, Hu X, Wang
L (2015) A novel dynamic pseudo [1] rotaxane based on a mono-biotin-functionalized pillar [5]
arene. Org Chem Front, 2:1013–1017
11. (a) FujimotoT, Sakata Y, Kaneda T (2000) The first Janus [2] rotaxane. Chem Commun
2143–2144; (b) Wu J, Leung KCF, Benitez D, Han JY, Cantrill SJ, Fang L, Stoddart JF
(2008) An acid–base-controllable [c2] daisy chain. Angew Chem Int Ed 47:7470–7474;
(c) Coutrot D, Romuald C, Busseron E (2008) A new pH-switchable dimannosyl [c2] daisy
chain molecular machine. Org Lett 10:3741–3744; (d) Clark PG, Day MW, Grubbs RH (2009)
Switching and extension of a [c2] daisy-chain dimer polymer. J Am Chem Soc
131:13631–13633; (e) Zhang Z, Han C, Yu G, Huang F (2012) A solvent-driven molecular
spring. Chem Sci 3:3026–3031; (f) Rotzler J, Mayor M (2013) Molecular daisy chains. Chem
Soc Rev 42:44–62; (g) Bruns CJ, Stoddart JF (2014) Rotaxane-based molecular muscles. Acc
Chem Res 47:2186–2199; (h) Bruns CJ, Frasconi M, Iehl J, Hartlieb KJ, Schneebeli ST,
Cheng C, Stupp SI, Stoddart JF (2014) Redox switchable daisy chain rotaxanes driven by
radical–radical interactions. J Am Chem Soc 136:4714–4723; (i) Gao L, Zhang Z, Zheng B,
Huang F, Construction of muscle-like metallo-supramolecular polymers from a pillar [5] arenebased [c 2] daisy chain. Polym Chem 5:5734–5739; (j) Rao SJ, Ye XH, Zhang Q, Gao C, Wang
WZ, Qu DH (2018) Light-induced cyclization of a [c2]daisy-chain rotaxane to form a shrinkable double-lasso macrocycle. Asian J Org Chem 7:902–905; (k) Tao RR, Zhang Q, Rao SJ,. Li
XLZMM, Qu DH (2018) Supramolecular gelator based on a [c2] daisy chain rotaxane: efficient
gel-solution transition by ring-sliding motion. Sci China Chem. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426018-9351-3
12. (a) Zhang ZJ, Zhang HY, Wang H, Liu Y (2011) Angew Chem Int Ed 50:10834–10838;
(b) Ke C, Smaldone RA, Kikuchi T, Li H, Davis AP, Stoddart JF (2013) Angew Chem Int Ed
52:381–387; (c) Hou X, Ke C, Cheng C, Song N, Blackburn AK, Sarjeant AA, Botros YY,
Yang YW, Stoddart JF (2014) Chem Commun 50:6196–6199; (d) Celtek G, Artar M, Scherman
OA, Tuncel D (2009) Chem Eur J 15:10360–10363; (e) Ke C, Smaldone RA, Kikuchi T, Li H,
Davis AP, Stoddart JF (2013) Angew Chem Int Ed 52:381–387; (f) Luo QF, Zhu L, Rao SJ,
Li H, Miao Q, Qu DH (2015) J Org Chem 8:4704–4709; (g) Wang XQ, Li WJ, Wang W, Yang
HB (2018) Chem Commun 54:13303–13318
13. Fahrenbach AC, Bruns CJ, Li H, Trabolsi A, Coskun A, Stoddart JF (2014) Ground-state
kinetics of bistable redox-active donor–acceptor mechanically interlocked molecules. Acc
Chem Rev 47:482–493
14. (a) Deng WQ, Muller RP, Goddard WA (2004) Mechanism of the Stoddart – Heath bistable
rotaxane molecular switch. J Am Chem Soc 126:13562–13563; (b) Loeb SJ (2007) Rotaxanes
as ligands: from molecules to materials. Chem Soc Rev 36:226–235; (c) Yang W, Li Y, Liu H, Li
Y (2012) Design and assembly of rotaxane-based molecular switches and machines. Small
8:504–516
15. (a) Pease AR, Jeppesen JO, Stoddart JF, Luo Y, Collier CP, Heath JR (2001) Switching devices
based on interlocked molecules. Acc Chem Res 34:433–444; (b) Katz E, Lioubashevsky O,
Willner I (2004) Electromechanics of a redox-active rotaxane in a monolayer assembly on an
electrode. J Am Chem Soc 126:15520–15532; (c) Qu DH, Wang QC, Ren J, Tian H (2004) A
light-driven rotaxane molecular shuttle with dual fluorescence addresses. Org Lett
6:2085–2088; (d) Zhang O, Qu DH, Wang QC, Tian H (2015) Dual-mode controlled selfassembly of TiO 2 nanoparticles through a cucurbit [8]uril-enhanced radical cation dimerization
interaction. Angew Chem Int Ed 54:15789–15793; (e) Li H, Qu DH (2015) Recent advances in
new-type molecular switches. Sci China Chem 58:916–921
16. (a) Balzani V, Credi A, Venturi M (2008) Molecular machines working on surfaces and at
interfaces. ChemPhysChem 9:202–220; (b) Silvi S, Venturi M, Credi A (2009) Artificial
molecular shuttles: from concepts to devices. J Mater Chem 19:2279–2294; (c) Pathem BK,
Claridge SA, Zheng YB, Weiss PS (2013) Molecular switches and motors on surfaces. Annu
11 Functional Rotaxanes
305
Soc 130:17062–17069; (d) Xia B, Xue M (2014) Design and efficient synthesis of a pillar [5]
arene-based [1] rotaxane. Chem Commun 50:1021–1023; (e) Wu X, Ni M, Xia W, Hu X, Wang
L (2015) A novel dynamic pseudo [1] rotaxane based on a mono-biotin-functionalized pillar [5]
arene. Org Chem Front, 2:1013–1017
11. (a) FujimotoT, Sakata Y, Kaneda T (2000) The first Janus [2] rotaxane. Chem Commun
2143–2144; (b) Wu J, Leung KCF, Benitez D, Han JY, Cantrill SJ, Fang L, Stoddart JF
(2008) An acid–base-controllable [c2] daisy chain. Angew Chem Int Ed 47:7470–7474;
(c) Coutrot D, Romuald C, Busseron E (2008) A new pH-switchable dimannosyl [c2] daisy
chain molecular machine. Org Lett 10:3741–3744; (d) Clark PG, Day MW, Grubbs RH (2009)
Switching and extension of a [c2] daisy-chain dimer polymer. J Am Chem Soc
131:13631–13633; (e) Zhang Z, Han C, Yu G, Huang F (2012) A solvent-driven molecular
spring. Chem Sci 3:3026–3031; (f) Rotzler J, Mayor M (2013) Molecular daisy chains. Chem
Soc Rev 42:44–62; (g) Bruns CJ, Stoddart JF (2014) Rotaxane-based molecular muscles. Acc
Chem Res 47:2186–2199; (h) Bruns CJ, Frasconi M, Iehl J, Hartlieb KJ, Schneebeli ST,
Cheng C, Stupp SI, Stoddart JF (2014) Redox switchable daisy chain rotaxanes driven by
radical–radical interactions. J Am Chem Soc 136:4714–4723; (i) Gao L, Zhang Z, Zheng B,
Huang F, Construction of muscle-like metallo-supramolecular polymers from a pillar [5] arenebased [c 2] daisy chain. Polym Chem 5:5734–5739; (j) Rao SJ, Ye XH, Zhang Q, Gao C, Wang
WZ, Qu DH (2018) Light-induced cyclization of a [c2]daisy-chain rotaxane to form a shrinkable double-lasso macrocycle. Asian J Org Chem 7:902–905; (k) Tao RR, Zhang Q, Rao SJ,. Li
XLZMM, Qu DH (2018) Supramolecular gelator based on a [c2] daisy chain rotaxane: efficient
gel-solution transition by ring-sliding motion. Sci China Chem. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426018-9351-3
12. (a) Zhang ZJ, Zhang HY, Wang H, Liu Y (2011) Angew Chem Int Ed 50:10834–10838;
(b) Ke C, Smaldone RA, Kikuchi T, Li H, Davis AP, Stoddart JF (2013) Angew Chem Int Ed
52:381–387; (c) Hou X, Ke C, Cheng C, Song N, Blackburn AK, Sarjeant AA, Botros YY,
Yang YW, Stoddart JF (2014) Chem Commun 50:6196–6199; (d) Celtek G, Artar M, Scherman
OA, Tuncel D (2009) Chem Eur J 15:10360–10363; (e) Ke C, Smaldone RA, Kikuchi T, Li H,
Davis AP, Stoddart JF (2013) Angew Chem Int Ed 52:381–387; (f) Luo QF, Zhu L, Rao SJ,
Li H, Miao Q, Qu DH (2015) J Org Chem 8:4704–4709; (g) Wang XQ, Li WJ, Wang W, Yang
HB (2018) Chem Commun 54:13303–13318
13. Fahrenbach AC, Bruns CJ, Li H, Trabolsi A, Coskun A, Stoddart JF (2014) Ground-state
kinetics of bistable redox-active donor–acceptor mechanically interlocked molecules. Acc
Chem Rev 47:482–493
14. (a) Deng WQ, Muller RP, Goddard WA (2004) Mechanism of the Stoddart – Heath bistable
rotaxane molecular switch. J Am Chem Soc 126:13562–13563; (b) Loeb SJ (2007) Rotaxanes
as ligands: from molecules to materials. Chem Soc Rev 36:226–235; (c) Yang W, Li Y, Liu H, Li
Y (2012) Design and assembly of rotaxane-based molecular switches and machines. Small
8:504–516
15. (a) Pease AR, Jeppesen JO, Stoddart JF, Luo Y, Collier CP, Heath JR (2001) Switching devices
based on interlocked molecules. Acc Chem Res 34:433–444; (b) Katz E, Lioubashevsky O,
Willner I (2004) Electromechanics of a redox-active rotaxane in a monolayer assembly on an
electrode. J Am Chem Soc 126:15520–15532; (c) Qu DH, Wang QC, Ren J, Tian H (2004) A
light-driven rotaxane molecular shuttle with dual fluorescence addresses. Org Lett
6:2085–2088; (d) Zhang O, Qu DH, Wang QC, Tian H (2015) Dual-mode controlled selfassembly of TiO 2 nanoparticles through a cucurbit [8]uril-enhanced radical cation dimerization
interaction. Angew Chem Int Ed 54:15789–15793; (e) Li H, Qu DH (2015) Recent advances in
new-type molecular switches. Sci China Chem 58:916–921
16. (a) Balzani V, Credi A, Venturi M (2008) Molecular machines working on surfaces and at
interfaces. ChemPhysChem 9:202–220; (b) Silvi S, Venturi M, Credi A (2009) Artificial
molecular shuttles: from concepts to devices. J Mater Chem 19:2279–2294; (c) Pathem BK,
Claridge SA, Zheng YB, Weiss PS (2013) Molecular switches and motors on surfaces. Annu
11 Functional Rotaxanes
305