34. Fahrenbach AC, Zhu ZX, Cao D, Liu WG, Li H, Dey SK, Basu S, Trabolsi A, Botros YY,
Goddard WA, Stoddart JF. Radically enhanced molecular switches. (2012) J Am Chem Soc
134:16275–16288
35. Ashton PR, Goodnow TT, Kaifer AE, Reddington MV, Slawin AMZ, Spencer N, Stoddart JF,
Vicent C, Williams DJ. A [2]catenane made to order. (1989) Angew Chem Int Ed 28:1396–1399
36. (a) Spruell JM, Paxton WF, Olsen JC, Benitez D, Tkatchouk E, Stern CL, Trabolsi A, Friedman
DC, Goddard WA, Stoddart JF. A push-button molecular switch. (2009) J Am Chem Soc
131:11571–11580; (b) Fang L, Basu S, Sue CH, Fahrenbach AC, Stoddart JF. Syntheses and
dynamics of donorÀacceptor [2]catenanes in water. (2011) J Am Chem Soc 133:396–399
37. Miljanic OS, Dichtel WR, Mortezaei S, Stoddart JF. Cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene)-based [2]
catenanes prepared by kinetically controlled reactions involving alkynes. (2006) Org Lett
8:4835–4838
38. Asakawa M, Brown CL, Menzer S, Raymo FM, Stoddart JF, Williams DJ. StructureÀreactivity
relationship in interlocked molecular compounds and in their supramolecular model complexes.
(1997) J Am Chem Soc 119:2614–2627
39. Koshkakaryan G, Cao D, Klivansky LM, Teat SJ, Tran JL, Liu Y. Dual selectivity expressed in
[2 + 2 + 1] dynamic clipping of unsymmetrical [2]catenanes. (2010) Org Lett 12:1528–1531
40. Li SJ, Liu M, Zheng B, Zhu KL, Wang F, Li N, Zhao XL, Huang FH. Taco complex templated
syntheses of a cryptand/paraquat [2]rotaxane and a [2]catenane by olefin metathesis. (2009) Org
Lett 11:3350–3353
41. Miljanic OS, Stoddart JF. Dynamic donor–acceptor [2]catenanes. (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci U
S A 104:12966–12970
42. Barnes JC, Fahrenbach AC, Cao D, Dyar SM, Frasconi M, Giesener MA, Benitez D,
Tkatchouk E, Chernyashevskyy O, Shin WH, Li H, Sampath S, Stern CL, Sarjeant AA,
Hartlieb KJ, Liu ZC, Carmieli R, Botros YY, Choi JW, Slawin AMZ, Ketterson JB,
Wasielewski MR, Goddard WA, Stoddart JF. A radically configurable six-state compound.
(2013) Science 339:429–433
43. (a) Zhao YL, Shveyd AK, Stoddart JF. Solid-state structures and superstructures of two charged
donor–acceptor rotaxanes. (2011) Tetrahedron Lett 52:2044–2047; (b) Nygaard S, Laursen BW,
Hansen TS, Bond AD, Flood AH, Jeppesen JO. Preparation of cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene)based [2]rotaxanes without flexible glycol chains (2007) Angew Chem Int Ed 46:6093–6097;
(2007) Angew Chem 119:6205–6209; (c) Anelli PL, Spencer N, Stoddart JF. A molecular
shuttle. (1991) J Am Chem Soc 113:5131–5133; (d) Benniston AC, Harriman A, Lynch
VM. Photoactive [2]rotaxanes: structure and photophysical properties of anthracene- and
ferrocene-stoppered [2]rotaxanes. (1995) J Am Chem Soc 117:5275–5291; (e) Nygaard S,
Leung KCF, Aprahamian I, Ikeda T, Saha S, Laursen BW, Kim SY, Hansen SW, Stein PC,
Flood AH, Stoddart JF, Jeppesen JO. Functionally rigid bistable [2]rotaxanes. (2007) J Am
Chem Soc 129:960–970; (f) Yoon I, Benitez D, Zhao YL, Miljanic OS, Kim SY, Tkatchouk E,
Leung KCF, Khan SI, Goddard WA, Stoddart JF. Functionally rigid and degenerate molecular
shuttles. (2009) Chem Eur J 15:1115–1122
44. Huisgen R, Szeimies G, Mobius L. 1.3-Dipolare cycloadditionen, XXXII. kinetik der
additionen organischer azide an CC-mehrfachbindungen. (1967) Chem Ber-Recl 100:2494
45. Dichtel WR, Miljanic OS, Spruell JM, Heath JR, Stoddart JF. Efficient templated synthesis of
donorÀacceptor rotaxanes using click chemistry. (2006) J Am Chem Soc 128:10388–10390
46. Li H, Fahrenbach AC, Dey SK, Basu S, Trabolsi A, Zhu ZX, Botros YY, Stoddart JF. Mechanical bond formation by radical templation. (2010) Angew Chem Int Ed 49:8260–8265; Angew
Chem 2010, 122:8436–8441
47. Li H, Zhu ZX, Fahrenbach AC, Savoie BM, Ke CF, Barnes JC, Lei JY, Zhao YL, Lilley LM,
Marks TJ, Ratner MA, Stoddart JF. Mechanical bond-induced radical stabilization. (2013) J Am
Chem Soc 135:456–467
48. Green JE, Choi JW, Boukai A, Bunimovich Y, Johnston-Halperin E, DeIonno E, Luo Y, Sheriff
BA, Xu K, Shin YS, Tseng HR, Stoddart JF, Heath JR. A 160-kilobit molecular electronic
memory patterned at 10
11 bits per square centimetre. (2007) Nature 445:414–417
3 Host-Guest Chemistry of a Tetracationic Cyclophane, Namely, Cyclobis. . .
79
Goddard WA, Stoddart JF. Radically enhanced molecular switches. (2012) J Am Chem Soc
134:16275–16288
35. Ashton PR, Goodnow TT, Kaifer AE, Reddington MV, Slawin AMZ, Spencer N, Stoddart JF,
Vicent C, Williams DJ. A [2]catenane made to order. (1989) Angew Chem Int Ed 28:1396–1399
36. (a) Spruell JM, Paxton WF, Olsen JC, Benitez D, Tkatchouk E, Stern CL, Trabolsi A, Friedman
DC, Goddard WA, Stoddart JF. A push-button molecular switch. (2009) J Am Chem Soc
131:11571–11580; (b) Fang L, Basu S, Sue CH, Fahrenbach AC, Stoddart JF. Syntheses and
dynamics of donorÀacceptor [2]catenanes in water. (2011) J Am Chem Soc 133:396–399
37. Miljanic OS, Dichtel WR, Mortezaei S, Stoddart JF. Cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene)-based [2]
catenanes prepared by kinetically controlled reactions involving alkynes. (2006) Org Lett
8:4835–4838
38. Asakawa M, Brown CL, Menzer S, Raymo FM, Stoddart JF, Williams DJ. StructureÀreactivity
relationship in interlocked molecular compounds and in their supramolecular model complexes.
(1997) J Am Chem Soc 119:2614–2627
39. Koshkakaryan G, Cao D, Klivansky LM, Teat SJ, Tran JL, Liu Y. Dual selectivity expressed in
[2 + 2 + 1] dynamic clipping of unsymmetrical [2]catenanes. (2010) Org Lett 12:1528–1531
40. Li SJ, Liu M, Zheng B, Zhu KL, Wang F, Li N, Zhao XL, Huang FH. Taco complex templated
syntheses of a cryptand/paraquat [2]rotaxane and a [2]catenane by olefin metathesis. (2009) Org
Lett 11:3350–3353
41. Miljanic OS, Stoddart JF. Dynamic donor–acceptor [2]catenanes. (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci U
S A 104:12966–12970
42. Barnes JC, Fahrenbach AC, Cao D, Dyar SM, Frasconi M, Giesener MA, Benitez D,
Tkatchouk E, Chernyashevskyy O, Shin WH, Li H, Sampath S, Stern CL, Sarjeant AA,
Hartlieb KJ, Liu ZC, Carmieli R, Botros YY, Choi JW, Slawin AMZ, Ketterson JB,
Wasielewski MR, Goddard WA, Stoddart JF. A radically configurable six-state compound.
(2013) Science 339:429–433
43. (a) Zhao YL, Shveyd AK, Stoddart JF. Solid-state structures and superstructures of two charged
donor–acceptor rotaxanes. (2011) Tetrahedron Lett 52:2044–2047; (b) Nygaard S, Laursen BW,
Hansen TS, Bond AD, Flood AH, Jeppesen JO. Preparation of cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene)based [2]rotaxanes without flexible glycol chains (2007) Angew Chem Int Ed 46:6093–6097;
(2007) Angew Chem 119:6205–6209; (c) Anelli PL, Spencer N, Stoddart JF. A molecular
shuttle. (1991) J Am Chem Soc 113:5131–5133; (d) Benniston AC, Harriman A, Lynch
VM. Photoactive [2]rotaxanes: structure and photophysical properties of anthracene- and
ferrocene-stoppered [2]rotaxanes. (1995) J Am Chem Soc 117:5275–5291; (e) Nygaard S,
Leung KCF, Aprahamian I, Ikeda T, Saha S, Laursen BW, Kim SY, Hansen SW, Stein PC,
Flood AH, Stoddart JF, Jeppesen JO. Functionally rigid bistable [2]rotaxanes. (2007) J Am
Chem Soc 129:960–970; (f) Yoon I, Benitez D, Zhao YL, Miljanic OS, Kim SY, Tkatchouk E,
Leung KCF, Khan SI, Goddard WA, Stoddart JF. Functionally rigid and degenerate molecular
shuttles. (2009) Chem Eur J 15:1115–1122
44. Huisgen R, Szeimies G, Mobius L. 1.3-Dipolare cycloadditionen, XXXII. kinetik der
additionen organischer azide an CC-mehrfachbindungen. (1967) Chem Ber-Recl 100:2494
45. Dichtel WR, Miljanic OS, Spruell JM, Heath JR, Stoddart JF. Efficient templated synthesis of
donorÀacceptor rotaxanes using click chemistry. (2006) J Am Chem Soc 128:10388–10390
46. Li H, Fahrenbach AC, Dey SK, Basu S, Trabolsi A, Zhu ZX, Botros YY, Stoddart JF. Mechanical bond formation by radical templation. (2010) Angew Chem Int Ed 49:8260–8265; Angew
Chem 2010, 122:8436–8441
47. Li H, Zhu ZX, Fahrenbach AC, Savoie BM, Ke CF, Barnes JC, Lei JY, Zhao YL, Lilley LM,
Marks TJ, Ratner MA, Stoddart JF. Mechanical bond-induced radical stabilization. (2013) J Am
Chem Soc 135:456–467
48. Green JE, Choi JW, Boukai A, Bunimovich Y, Johnston-Halperin E, DeIonno E, Luo Y, Sheriff
BA, Xu K, Shin YS, Tseng HR, Stoddart JF, Heath JR. A 160-kilobit molecular electronic
memory patterned at 10
11 bits per square centimetre. (2007) Nature 445:414–417
3 Host-Guest Chemistry of a Tetracationic Cyclophane, Namely, Cyclobis. . .
79