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51. Bissell RA, Cordova E, Kaifer AE, Stoddart JF. A chemically and electrochemically switchable
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52. Andersen SS, Share AI, Poulsen BL, Korner M, Duedal T, Benson CR, Hansen SW, Jeppesen
JO, Flood AH. Mechanistic evaluation of motion in redox-driven rotaxanes reveals longer
linkers hasten forward escapes and hinder backward translations. (2014) J Am Chem Soc
136:6373–6384
53. Fahrenbach AC, Barnes JC, Li H, Benitez D, Basuray AN, Fang L, Sue CH, Barin G, Dey SK,
Goddard WA, Stoddart JF. Measurement of the ground-state distributions in bistable mechanically interlocked molecules using slow scan rate cyclic voltammetry. (2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci
U S A 108:20416–20421
54. Asakawa M, Ashton PR, Balzani V, Credi A, Hamers C, Mattersteig G, Montalti M, Shipway
AN, Spencer N, Stoddart JF, Tolley MS, Venturi M, White AJP, Williams DJ. A chemically and
electrochemically switchable [2]catenane incorporating a tetrathiafulvalene unit. (1998) Angew
Chem Int Ed 37:333–337
55. Li H, Fahrenbach AC, Coskun A, Zhu ZX, Barin G, Zhao YL, Botros YY, Sauvage JP, Stoddart
JF. A light-stimulated molecular switch driven by radical–radical interactions in water. (2011)
Angew Chem Int Ed 50:6782–6788; Angew Chem 2011, 123:6914–6920
56. Li H, Cheng CY, McGonigal PR, Fahrenbach AC, Frasconi M, Liu WG, Zhu ZX, Zhao YL, Ke
CF, Lei JY, Young RM, Dyar SM, Co DT, Yang YW, Botros YY, Goddard WA, Wasielewski
MR, Astumian RD, Stoddart JF. Relative unidirectional translation in an artificial molecular
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(paraquat-4,4
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58. Amabilino DB, Ashton PR, Brown CL, Cordova E, Godinez LA, Goodnow TT, Kaifer AE,
Newton SP, Pietraszkiewicz M, Philp D, Raymo FM, Reder AS, Rutland MT, Slawin AMZ,
Spencer N, Stoddart JF, Williams DJ. Molecular meccano. 2. self-assembly of [n]catenanes.
(1995) J Am Chem Soc 117:1271–1293
59. Spruell JM, Coskun A, Friedman DC, Forgan RS, Sarjeant AA, Trabolsi A, Fahrenbach AC,
Barin G, Paxton WF, Dey SK, Olson MA, Benitez D, Tkatchouk E, Colvin MT, Carmielli R,
Caldwell ST, Rosair GM, Hewage SG, Duclairoir F, Seymour JL, Slawin AMZ, Goddard WA,
Wasielewski MR, Cooke G, Stoddart JF. Highly stable tetrathiafulvalene radical dimers in [3]
catenanes. (2010) Nat Chem 2:870–879
60. Lipke MC, Cheng T, Wu YL, Arslan H, Xiao H, Wasielewski MR, Goddard WA, Stoddart
JF. Size-matched radical multivalency. (2017) J Am Chem Soc 139:3986–3998
61. Lipke MC, Wu YL, Roy I, Wang YP, Wasielewski MR, Stoddart JF. Shuttling Rates, Electronic
states, and hysteresis in a ring-in-ring rotaxane. (2018) ACS Cent Sci 4:362–371
62. Cai K, Lipke MC, Liu ZC, Nelson J, Cheng T, Shi Y, Cheng CY, Shen DK, Han JM, Vemuri S,
Feng YN, Stern CL, Goddard WA, Wasielewski MR, Stoddart JF. Molecular Russian dolls.
(2018) Nat Commun 9:5275
63. Barnes JC, Juricek M, Strutt NL, Frasconi M, Sampath S, Giesener MA, McGrier PL, Bruns CJ,
Stern CL, Sarjeant AA, Stoddart JF. ExBox: a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon scavenger.
(2013) J Am Chem Soc 135:183–192
64. Juricek M, Barnes JC, Dale EJ, Liu WG, Strutt NL, Bruns CJ, Vermeulen NA, Ghooray KC,
Sarjeant AA, Stern CL, Botros YY, Goddard WA, Stoddart JF. Ex
2
Box: interdependent modes
of binding in a two-nanometer-long synthetic receptor. (2013) J Am Chem Soc
135:12736–12746
80
H. Li et al.
M, Magonov S. A nanomechanical device based on linear molecular motors. (2004) Appl Phys
Lett 85:5391–5393
50. Patel K, Angelos S, Dichtel WR, Coskun A, Yang YW, Zink JI, Stoddart JF. Enzyme-responsive snap-top covered silica nanocontainers. (2008) J Am Chem Soc 130:2382–2383
51. Bissell RA, Cordova E, Kaifer AE, Stoddart JF. A chemically and electrochemically switchable
molecular shuttle. (1994) Nature 369:133–137
52. Andersen SS, Share AI, Poulsen BL, Korner M, Duedal T, Benson CR, Hansen SW, Jeppesen
JO, Flood AH. Mechanistic evaluation of motion in redox-driven rotaxanes reveals longer
linkers hasten forward escapes and hinder backward translations. (2014) J Am Chem Soc
136:6373–6384
53. Fahrenbach AC, Barnes JC, Li H, Benitez D, Basuray AN, Fang L, Sue CH, Barin G, Dey SK,
Goddard WA, Stoddart JF. Measurement of the ground-state distributions in bistable mechanically interlocked molecules using slow scan rate cyclic voltammetry. (2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci
U S A 108:20416–20421
54. Asakawa M, Ashton PR, Balzani V, Credi A, Hamers C, Mattersteig G, Montalti M, Shipway
AN, Spencer N, Stoddart JF, Tolley MS, Venturi M, White AJP, Williams DJ. A chemically and
electrochemically switchable [2]catenane incorporating a tetrathiafulvalene unit. (1998) Angew
Chem Int Ed 37:333–337
55. Li H, Fahrenbach AC, Coskun A, Zhu ZX, Barin G, Zhao YL, Botros YY, Sauvage JP, Stoddart
JF. A light-stimulated molecular switch driven by radical–radical interactions in water. (2011)
Angew Chem Int Ed 50:6782–6788; Angew Chem 2011, 123:6914–6920
56. Li H, Cheng CY, McGonigal PR, Fahrenbach AC, Frasconi M, Liu WG, Zhu ZX, Zhao YL, Ke
CF, Lei JY, Young RM, Dyar SM, Co DT, Yang YW, Botros YY, Goddard WA, Wasielewski
MR, Astumian RD, Stoddart JF. Relative unidirectional translation in an artificial molecular
assembly fueled by light. (2013) J Am Chem Soc 135:18609–18620
57. Asakawa M, Ashton PR, Menzer S, Raymo FM, Stoddart JF, White AJP, Williams DJ. Cyclobis
(paraquat-4,4
0 -biphenylene)–an organic molecular square. (1996) Chem Eur J 2:877–893
58. Amabilino DB, Ashton PR, Brown CL, Cordova E, Godinez LA, Goodnow TT, Kaifer AE,
Newton SP, Pietraszkiewicz M, Philp D, Raymo FM, Reder AS, Rutland MT, Slawin AMZ,
Spencer N, Stoddart JF, Williams DJ. Molecular meccano. 2. self-assembly of [n]catenanes.
(1995) J Am Chem Soc 117:1271–1293
59. Spruell JM, Coskun A, Friedman DC, Forgan RS, Sarjeant AA, Trabolsi A, Fahrenbach AC,
Barin G, Paxton WF, Dey SK, Olson MA, Benitez D, Tkatchouk E, Colvin MT, Carmielli R,
Caldwell ST, Rosair GM, Hewage SG, Duclairoir F, Seymour JL, Slawin AMZ, Goddard WA,
Wasielewski MR, Cooke G, Stoddart JF. Highly stable tetrathiafulvalene radical dimers in [3]
catenanes. (2010) Nat Chem 2:870–879
60. Lipke MC, Cheng T, Wu YL, Arslan H, Xiao H, Wasielewski MR, Goddard WA, Stoddart
JF. Size-matched radical multivalency. (2017) J Am Chem Soc 139:3986–3998
61. Lipke MC, Wu YL, Roy I, Wang YP, Wasielewski MR, Stoddart JF. Shuttling Rates, Electronic
states, and hysteresis in a ring-in-ring rotaxane. (2018) ACS Cent Sci 4:362–371
62. Cai K, Lipke MC, Liu ZC, Nelson J, Cheng T, Shi Y, Cheng CY, Shen DK, Han JM, Vemuri S,
Feng YN, Stern CL, Goddard WA, Wasielewski MR, Stoddart JF. Molecular Russian dolls.
(2018) Nat Commun 9:5275
63. Barnes JC, Juricek M, Strutt NL, Frasconi M, Sampath S, Giesener MA, McGrier PL, Bruns CJ,
Stern CL, Sarjeant AA, Stoddart JF. ExBox: a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon scavenger.
(2013) J Am Chem Soc 135:183–192
64. Juricek M, Barnes JC, Dale EJ, Liu WG, Strutt NL, Bruns CJ, Vermeulen NA, Ghooray KC,
Sarjeant AA, Stern CL, Botros YY, Goddard WA, Stoddart JF. Ex
2
Box: interdependent modes
of binding in a two-nanometer-long synthetic receptor. (2013) J Am Chem Soc
135:12736–12746
80
H. Li et al.