620
and systematic way, including social, economic, and environmental issues and the
political will. Some of the interventions include selecting animal species and crop
varieties that are suitable for the weather conditions; diversifying crops and animals,
sustainable soil and water conservation, and natural resource management including climate smart agriculture, and afforestation and natural tree regeneration.
Emerging issues such as gender and empowerment and involvement of the youth are
also among the key factors. A need for embracing transformative and transgressive
approaches for resilience to climate change was also emphasized. Characteristics of
transformation include radical change that requires new knowledge, innovation,
identification, and implementation of alternatives to institutionalized positions and
radical changes in the decision-making processes.
The following key issues and research priorities were identified from the sessions and papers presented at the conference:
(i) CA is beneficial and should be promoted. It provides numerous benefits
including increased soil depth, concentration of carbon in the soil, and
increased soil aggregation and water retention. However, its efficacy must be
validated under site-specific soil and climatic conditions as the process may
not necessarily be applicable under all conditions.
(ii) Legume-based cropping systems (e.g., pigeon pea with cassava) and integrated soil fertility management can increase nitrogen fixation, enhance
nitrogen use efficiency, and improve yield and protein content of the subsequent crop of maize grown on Alfisols.
(iii) To obtain wide adoption of CSA and policies to successfully achieve CSA,
there is a need of more multidisciplinary studies involving multi-sectors to
address knowledge and practice gaps.
(iv) Landscape approach is recommended for attaining CSA in SSA, with proper
use of land capability for agriculture but also taking advantage of land morphology, site-specific fertilizer recommendations, soil management, rainwater harvesting, and supplemental irrigation.
(v) Attaining CSA requires comprehensive planning and joint effort at national
level through research evidence policies, implementation strategies, and
responsibilities at small-scale farming community.
(vi) Both smallholder and commercial livestock farmers need alternative, sustainable, and climate smart feeds and feeding systems. Therefore, there is a
need for interventions, which include feed preservation, and technologies for
production of high quality feed and fodders including hydroponically produced fodder.
(vii) Use of locally adapted crops including indigenous vegetables which can contribute to sustainable food and nutrition security, source of income, general
livelihoods, and resilience of smallholder farmers in rural areas when supported with interventions such as sustainable production and distribution and
marketing of indigenes vegetable seeds.
(viii) Livestock, apart from being sources of animal-based food (e.g., meat and
milk), can also be used as a source of energy through production of manureB. R. Singh et al.
and systematic way, including social, economic, and environmental issues and the
political will. Some of the interventions include selecting animal species and crop
varieties that are suitable for the weather conditions; diversifying crops and animals,
sustainable soil and water conservation, and natural resource management including climate smart agriculture, and afforestation and natural tree regeneration.
Emerging issues such as gender and empowerment and involvement of the youth are
also among the key factors. A need for embracing transformative and transgressive
approaches for resilience to climate change was also emphasized. Characteristics of
transformation include radical change that requires new knowledge, innovation,
identification, and implementation of alternatives to institutionalized positions and
radical changes in the decision-making processes.
The following key issues and research priorities were identified from the sessions and papers presented at the conference:
(i) CA is beneficial and should be promoted. It provides numerous benefits
including increased soil depth, concentration of carbon in the soil, and
increased soil aggregation and water retention. However, its efficacy must be
validated under site-specific soil and climatic conditions as the process may
not necessarily be applicable under all conditions.
(ii) Legume-based cropping systems (e.g., pigeon pea with cassava) and integrated soil fertility management can increase nitrogen fixation, enhance
nitrogen use efficiency, and improve yield and protein content of the subsequent crop of maize grown on Alfisols.
(iii) To obtain wide adoption of CSA and policies to successfully achieve CSA,
there is a need of more multidisciplinary studies involving multi-sectors to
address knowledge and practice gaps.
(iv) Landscape approach is recommended for attaining CSA in SSA, with proper
use of land capability for agriculture but also taking advantage of land morphology, site-specific fertilizer recommendations, soil management, rainwater harvesting, and supplemental irrigation.
(v) Attaining CSA requires comprehensive planning and joint effort at national
level through research evidence policies, implementation strategies, and
responsibilities at small-scale farming community.
(vi) Both smallholder and commercial livestock farmers need alternative, sustainable, and climate smart feeds and feeding systems. Therefore, there is a
need for interventions, which include feed preservation, and technologies for
production of high quality feed and fodders including hydroponically produced fodder.
(vii) Use of locally adapted crops including indigenous vegetables which can contribute to sustainable food and nutrition security, source of income, general
livelihoods, and resilience of smallholder farmers in rural areas when supported with interventions such as sustainable production and distribution and
marketing of indigenes vegetable seeds.
(viii) Livestock, apart from being sources of animal-based food (e.g., meat and
milk), can also be used as a source of energy through production of manureB. R. Singh et al.