157
statistically valid representation of the size and shape distribution.
This can be very difficult and time consuming and may require the
analysis of the image of literally thousands of individual particles.
There are many commercially automated image analysis systems
and software packages used for this purpose. The quality of the
images presented in these systems is critical to their performance.
It should also be noted that electron microscopy normally provides
two-dimensional images, so care must be taken to avoid bias [17,
18].
1. Convert microspheres into powder.
2. Press a small amount of powder on a conductive adhesive tape
and mount on a holder.
3. For conventional imaging in the SEM, the samples must be
electrically conductive, at least on the surface, to prevent the
accumulation of electrostatic charge. Nonconductive materials
are usually coated with electrically conductive material deposited on the sample. The conductive material used as a coating
was gold.
4. The sample is irradiated with a high-energy electron beam. The
surface characteristics of the nanoparticles are illustrated by the
secondary electrons emitted from the surface of the sample.
5. Take images after every stage of the procedure to ensure the
deposition of each layer.
SEM images of microspheres in different stages of synthesis are
presented in Fig. 3.
The principle of transmission electron microscopy is based on principles different from SEM, although it often provides the same
results.
1. The microspheres are dispersed in an appropriate solvent and
deposited on thin films.
2. The specimen characteristics are represented by a thin electron
beam that permeates the sample and interacts with it.
TEM images of PMMA@HPC@CS@CH microspheres are presented in Fig. 4.
1. Convert microspheres into powder.
2. Place a small amount of powder on the instrument and
measure.
3. Take samples for each stage of the synthesis and compare the
differences in spectra.
The most important peaks of FT-IR spectra at various stages of
the synthesis are summarized in Table 2.
3.3.1 SEM Preparation
3.3.2 TEM Preparation
3.3.3 AT-IR Preparation
Design of Drug Delivery Systems Based on Polysaccharides
statistically valid representation of the size and shape distribution.
This can be very difficult and time consuming and may require the
analysis of the image of literally thousands of individual particles.
There are many commercially automated image analysis systems
and software packages used for this purpose. The quality of the
images presented in these systems is critical to their performance.
It should also be noted that electron microscopy normally provides
two-dimensional images, so care must be taken to avoid bias [17,
18].
1. Convert microspheres into powder.
2. Press a small amount of powder on a conductive adhesive tape
and mount on a holder.
3. For conventional imaging in the SEM, the samples must be
electrically conductive, at least on the surface, to prevent the
accumulation of electrostatic charge. Nonconductive materials
are usually coated with electrically conductive material deposited on the sample. The conductive material used as a coating
was gold.
4. The sample is irradiated with a high-energy electron beam. The
surface characteristics of the nanoparticles are illustrated by the
secondary electrons emitted from the surface of the sample.
5. Take images after every stage of the procedure to ensure the
deposition of each layer.
SEM images of microspheres in different stages of synthesis are
presented in Fig. 3.
The principle of transmission electron microscopy is based on principles different from SEM, although it often provides the same
results.
1. The microspheres are dispersed in an appropriate solvent and
deposited on thin films.
2. The specimen characteristics are represented by a thin electron
beam that permeates the sample and interacts with it.
TEM images of PMMA@HPC@CS@CH microspheres are presented in Fig. 4.
1. Convert microspheres into powder.
2. Place a small amount of powder on the instrument and
measure.
3. Take samples for each stage of the synthesis and compare the
differences in spectra.
The most important peaks of FT-IR spectra at various stages of
the synthesis are summarized in Table 2.
3.3.1 SEM Preparation
3.3.2 TEM Preparation
3.3.3 AT-IR Preparation
Design of Drug Delivery Systems Based on Polysaccharides