766
S.-Y. Chan et al.
Fig. 1 Amount of waste water generated from a laboratory scale distiller machine using different
rate of water flow (n = 3)
Fig. 2 Distillation efficiency: ratio of distilled and drained water generated from a lab scale distillation process in percentage
that, a medium flow rate of tap water be used to pipe through the distiller in order to
achieve cost effectiveness of the process.
3.2 Amount of Water Drained as Waste from Distillation
Process
To identify the total amount of water consumption in the distillation process for a
research university like USM, five School of Sciences which have been identified as
heavy users of distilled water were involved in the survey. The total number of water
distillers in the main campus of USM is 81. The average time operated for the water
distillers in the respective schools was summarized from the survey form conducted
S.-Y. Chan et al.
Fig. 1 Amount of waste water generated from a laboratory scale distiller machine using different
rate of water flow (n = 3)
Fig. 2 Distillation efficiency: ratio of distilled and drained water generated from a lab scale distillation process in percentage
that, a medium flow rate of tap water be used to pipe through the distiller in order to
achieve cost effectiveness of the process.
3.2 Amount of Water Drained as Waste from Distillation
Process
To identify the total amount of water consumption in the distillation process for a
research university like USM, five School of Sciences which have been identified as
heavy users of distilled water were involved in the survey. The total number of water
distillers in the main campus of USM is 81. The average time operated for the water
distillers in the respective schools was summarized from the survey form conducted