310
Park SY, Ha S-D (2018) Inactivation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shucked raw oyster (Grassostrea
gigas) and clam (Venerupis phillippinarum) by using a combination of NaClO and gamma irradiation. Food Sci Technol Int 24(1):43–52
Parker RW, Maurer EM, Childers AB, Lewis DH (1994) Effect of frozen storage and vacuum
packaging on survival of Vibrio vulnificus in Gulf Coast oysters (Crassostrea virginica). J Food
Prot 57:604–606
Perl TM, Bedard L, Kosatsky T, Hockin JC, Todd ECD, Remic RS (1990) An outbreak of toxic
encephalopathy caused by eating mussels contaminated with domoic acid. N Engl J Med
322:775–1780
Peterson DA, Wolfe G, Larkin EP, Deinhardt FW (1978) Thermal treatment and infectivity of
hepatitis A virus in human feces. J Med Virol 2:201–206
Pigeot J, Miramand P, Guyot T, Sauriau P-G, Ficher D, Le Moine O, Huet V (2006) Cadmium
pathways in an exploited intertidal ecosystem with chronic cadmium inputs (Marennes-Oleron,
Atlantic coast, France). Mar Ecol Prog Ser 307:101–114
Pinto RM, Costafreda MI, Bosch A (2009) Risk assessment in shellfish-borne outbreaks of hepatitis A. Appl Environ Microbiol 75:7350–7355
Pomati F, Kellmann R, Cavalieri R, Burns BP, Neilan BA (2006) Comparative gene expression of
PSP-toxin producing and non-toxic Anabaena circinalis strains. Environ Int 32(6):743–748
Potasman I, Paz A, Odeh M (2002) Infectious outbreaks associated with bivalve shellfish consumption: a worldwide perspective. Clin Infect Dis 35(8):921–928
Prakash A, Medcof JC, Tennant, AD (1971) Paralytic shellfish poisoning in eastern Canada.
Bulletin-Fisheries Resarch Board of Canada, 177, 87 p.
Prapaiwong N, Wallace RK, Arias CR (2009) Bacterial loads and microbial composition in high
pressure treated oysters during storage. Int J Food Microbiol 131:145–150
Rainbow PS, Phillips DH (1993) Cosmopolitan bioindicators of trace metals. Mar Pollut Bull
26:593–601
Ramos RJ, Miotto M, Lagreze Squella FJ, Cirolini A, Ferreira JF, Werneck Vieira CR (2012)
Depuration of oysters (Crassostrea gigas) contaminated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus and
Vibrio vulnificus with UV light and chlorinated seawater. J Food Prot 75:1501–1506
Rashid HO, Ito H, Ishigaki I (1992) Distribution of pathogenic vibrios and other bacteria in
imported frozen shrimps and their decontamination by gamma-irradiation. World J Microbiol
Biotechnol 8:494–498
Raszl SM, Froelich BA, Vieira CRW, Blackwood AD, Noble RT (2016) Vibrio parahaemolyticus
and Vibrio vulnificus in South America: water, seafood and human infections. J Appl Microbiol
121(5):1201–1222
Reboreda A, Lago J, Chapela MJ, Vieites JM, Botana LM, Alfonso A, Cabado AG (2010) Decrease
of marine toxin content in bivalves by industrial processes. Toxicon 55:235–243
Rees G, Karunasagar I, Santo Domingo J (2010) Driving forces and risk management. In: Rees G,
Pond K, Kay D, Bartram J, Santo J (eds) Domingo safe management of shellfish and harvest
waters. IWA Publishing, London, pp 39–51
Richards GP, McLeod C, Guyader FSL (2010) Processing strategies to inactivate enteric viruses in
shellfish. Food Environ Virol 2:183–193
Rodrick GE, Schneider KR (1991) Vibrios in depuration. In: Rodrick WS, Martin GE, Otwell RE
(eds) Molluscan shellfish depuration. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 115–125
Rubini S, Galletti G, D’Incau M, Govoni G, Boschetti L, Berardelli C, Barbieri S, Merialdi G,
Formaglio A, Guidi E, Bergamini M, Piva S, Serraino A, Giacometti F (2018) Occurrence of
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica in bivalve molluscs and associations with Escherichia coli
in molluscs and faecal coliforms in seawater. Food Control 84:429–435
Salam MA, Paul SC, Noor SNBM, Siddiqua SA, Aka TD, Wahab E, Aweng ER (2019)
Contamination profile of heavy metals in marine fish and shellfish. Glob J Environ Sci Manag
5(2):225–236
Salem DMSA, El Sikaily A, Ahmed El Nemr A (2014) Organochlorines and their risk in marine
shellfish collected from the Mediterranean coast, Egypt. Egypt J Aquat Res 40:93–101
5 Shellfish Safety
Park SY, Ha S-D (2018) Inactivation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shucked raw oyster (Grassostrea
gigas) and clam (Venerupis phillippinarum) by using a combination of NaClO and gamma irradiation. Food Sci Technol Int 24(1):43–52
Parker RW, Maurer EM, Childers AB, Lewis DH (1994) Effect of frozen storage and vacuum
packaging on survival of Vibrio vulnificus in Gulf Coast oysters (Crassostrea virginica). J Food
Prot 57:604–606
Perl TM, Bedard L, Kosatsky T, Hockin JC, Todd ECD, Remic RS (1990) An outbreak of toxic
encephalopathy caused by eating mussels contaminated with domoic acid. N Engl J Med
322:775–1780
Peterson DA, Wolfe G, Larkin EP, Deinhardt FW (1978) Thermal treatment and infectivity of
hepatitis A virus in human feces. J Med Virol 2:201–206
Pigeot J, Miramand P, Guyot T, Sauriau P-G, Ficher D, Le Moine O, Huet V (2006) Cadmium
pathways in an exploited intertidal ecosystem with chronic cadmium inputs (Marennes-Oleron,
Atlantic coast, France). Mar Ecol Prog Ser 307:101–114
Pinto RM, Costafreda MI, Bosch A (2009) Risk assessment in shellfish-borne outbreaks of hepatitis A. Appl Environ Microbiol 75:7350–7355
Pomati F, Kellmann R, Cavalieri R, Burns BP, Neilan BA (2006) Comparative gene expression of
PSP-toxin producing and non-toxic Anabaena circinalis strains. Environ Int 32(6):743–748
Potasman I, Paz A, Odeh M (2002) Infectious outbreaks associated with bivalve shellfish consumption: a worldwide perspective. Clin Infect Dis 35(8):921–928
Prakash A, Medcof JC, Tennant, AD (1971) Paralytic shellfish poisoning in eastern Canada.
Bulletin-Fisheries Resarch Board of Canada, 177, 87 p.
Prapaiwong N, Wallace RK, Arias CR (2009) Bacterial loads and microbial composition in high
pressure treated oysters during storage. Int J Food Microbiol 131:145–150
Rainbow PS, Phillips DH (1993) Cosmopolitan bioindicators of trace metals. Mar Pollut Bull
26:593–601
Ramos RJ, Miotto M, Lagreze Squella FJ, Cirolini A, Ferreira JF, Werneck Vieira CR (2012)
Depuration of oysters (Crassostrea gigas) contaminated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus and
Vibrio vulnificus with UV light and chlorinated seawater. J Food Prot 75:1501–1506
Rashid HO, Ito H, Ishigaki I (1992) Distribution of pathogenic vibrios and other bacteria in
imported frozen shrimps and their decontamination by gamma-irradiation. World J Microbiol
Biotechnol 8:494–498
Raszl SM, Froelich BA, Vieira CRW, Blackwood AD, Noble RT (2016) Vibrio parahaemolyticus
and Vibrio vulnificus in South America: water, seafood and human infections. J Appl Microbiol
121(5):1201–1222
Reboreda A, Lago J, Chapela MJ, Vieites JM, Botana LM, Alfonso A, Cabado AG (2010) Decrease
of marine toxin content in bivalves by industrial processes. Toxicon 55:235–243
Rees G, Karunasagar I, Santo Domingo J (2010) Driving forces and risk management. In: Rees G,
Pond K, Kay D, Bartram J, Santo J (eds) Domingo safe management of shellfish and harvest
waters. IWA Publishing, London, pp 39–51
Richards GP, McLeod C, Guyader FSL (2010) Processing strategies to inactivate enteric viruses in
shellfish. Food Environ Virol 2:183–193
Rodrick GE, Schneider KR (1991) Vibrios in depuration. In: Rodrick WS, Martin GE, Otwell RE
(eds) Molluscan shellfish depuration. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 115–125
Rubini S, Galletti G, D’Incau M, Govoni G, Boschetti L, Berardelli C, Barbieri S, Merialdi G,
Formaglio A, Guidi E, Bergamini M, Piva S, Serraino A, Giacometti F (2018) Occurrence of
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica in bivalve molluscs and associations with Escherichia coli
in molluscs and faecal coliforms in seawater. Food Control 84:429–435
Salam MA, Paul SC, Noor SNBM, Siddiqua SA, Aka TD, Wahab E, Aweng ER (2019)
Contamination profile of heavy metals in marine fish and shellfish. Glob J Environ Sci Manag
5(2):225–236
Salem DMSA, El Sikaily A, Ahmed El Nemr A (2014) Organochlorines and their risk in marine
shellfish collected from the Mediterranean coast, Egypt. Egypt J Aquat Res 40:93–101
5 Shellfish Safety