214
Trimethylamine (TMA) and Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen (TVB-N) have been
used as chemical indices to test freshness of cephalopods. Acceptable limit of
TVB-N for squid (Illex illecebrosus) has been reported as 45 mg/100 g. TVB-N
values have been classified as A quality with less than 30 mg/100 g, B quality
30–45 mg/100 g and unacceptable with more than 45 mg/100 g (Ke et al. 1984). On
the other hand, some researchers (Ohashi et al. 1991) reported that TVB-N is not a
suitable indicator for cephalopods, while others reported that limit values are variable depending on the type and storage conditions (Civera et al. 1999; Paarup et al.
2002a, b). TMA-N, caused by the bacterial reduction of osmoregulatory agents such
as TMA-O, is a volatile amine, often associated with the typical ‘fishy’ odour of
seafood degradation. Both TVB-N and TMA-N are relatively constant in the mantle
Table 3.9 Macro element compositions of some squid, octopus, and cuttlefish species (mg/100 g)
Species
Macro elements
References
Na
K
Ca
Mg
P
Squid
Uroteuthis duvauceli
171.98 176.13 72.82 127.36 85.63 Chakraborty et al. (2016b)
Loligo vulgaris
15.7
26.1
13.6
43.5
–
Lourenco et al. (2009)
Octopus
Amphioctopus neglectus 172.45 144.56 73.72 92.83 86.07 Chakraborty et al. (2016b)
Cistopus indicus
170.14 184.83 54.04 104.78 66.33 Chakraborty et al. (2016b)
Octopus vulgaris
57.2
22.3
21.3
93.8
14.7 Lourenco et al. (2009)
Cuttlefish
Sepia recurvirostra
153.27 27.75 18.62 6.48
56.96 Nurjanah et al. (2012)
Sepia pharaonis
170.18 201.2 108.41 127.28 80.4 Chakraborty et al. (2016b)
Sepiella inermis
172.77 134.67 79.73 109.76 72.37 Chakraborty et al. (2016b)
Sepia officinalis
26.6
28.9
13.4
56.7
24.9 Lourenco et al. (2009)
Table 3.10 Micro element compositions of some squid, octopus, and cuttlefish species (mg/100 g)
Species
Micro elements
References
Mn Cu Zn
Fe
Cr
Se
Squid
Uroteuthis duvauceli
6.57 1.33 7.21 10.42 9.54
Chakraborty et al. (2016b)
Loligo vulgaris
0.01 0.15 1.26 0.17
Amphioctopus neglectus 6.39 3.55 13.08 7.44
9.31 Chakraborty et al. (2016b)
Cistopus indicus
6.51 7.54 14.17 6.60
9.45 Chakraborty et al. (2016b)
Octopus vulgaris
0.03 0.38 1.77 0.42
Sepia recurvirostra
–
0.57 1.96 0.4
–
0.002 Nurjanah et al. (2012)
Sepia pharaonis
6.92 5.57 15.18 7.79 –
8.95 Chakraborty et al. (2016b)
Sepiella inermis
6.43 5.33 8.34 8.45 –
9.34 Chakraborty et al. (2016b)
Sepia officinalis
0.01 0.45 1.08 0.14 –
3 Molluscan Shellfish
Trimethylamine (TMA) and Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen (TVB-N) have been
used as chemical indices to test freshness of cephalopods. Acceptable limit of
TVB-N for squid (Illex illecebrosus) has been reported as 45 mg/100 g. TVB-N
values have been classified as A quality with less than 30 mg/100 g, B quality
30–45 mg/100 g and unacceptable with more than 45 mg/100 g (Ke et al. 1984). On
the other hand, some researchers (Ohashi et al. 1991) reported that TVB-N is not a
suitable indicator for cephalopods, while others reported that limit values are variable depending on the type and storage conditions (Civera et al. 1999; Paarup et al.
2002a, b). TMA-N, caused by the bacterial reduction of osmoregulatory agents such
as TMA-O, is a volatile amine, often associated with the typical ‘fishy’ odour of
seafood degradation. Both TVB-N and TMA-N are relatively constant in the mantle
Table 3.9 Macro element compositions of some squid, octopus, and cuttlefish species (mg/100 g)
Species
Macro elements
References
Na
K
Ca
Mg
P
Squid
Uroteuthis duvauceli
171.98 176.13 72.82 127.36 85.63 Chakraborty et al. (2016b)
Loligo vulgaris
15.7
26.1
13.6
43.5
–
Lourenco et al. (2009)
Octopus
Amphioctopus neglectus 172.45 144.56 73.72 92.83 86.07 Chakraborty et al. (2016b)
Cistopus indicus
170.14 184.83 54.04 104.78 66.33 Chakraborty et al. (2016b)
Octopus vulgaris
57.2
22.3
21.3
93.8
14.7 Lourenco et al. (2009)
Cuttlefish
Sepia recurvirostra
153.27 27.75 18.62 6.48
56.96 Nurjanah et al. (2012)
Sepia pharaonis
170.18 201.2 108.41 127.28 80.4 Chakraborty et al. (2016b)
Sepiella inermis
172.77 134.67 79.73 109.76 72.37 Chakraborty et al. (2016b)
Sepia officinalis
26.6
28.9
13.4
56.7
24.9 Lourenco et al. (2009)
Table 3.10 Micro element compositions of some squid, octopus, and cuttlefish species (mg/100 g)
Species
Micro elements
References
Mn Cu Zn
Fe
Cr
Se
Squid
Uroteuthis duvauceli
6.57 1.33 7.21 10.42 9.54
Chakraborty et al. (2016b)
Loligo vulgaris
0.01 0.15 1.26 0.17
Amphioctopus neglectus 6.39 3.55 13.08 7.44
9.31 Chakraborty et al. (2016b)
Cistopus indicus
6.51 7.54 14.17 6.60
9.45 Chakraborty et al. (2016b)
Octopus vulgaris
0.03 0.38 1.77 0.42
Sepia recurvirostra
–
0.57 1.96 0.4
–
0.002 Nurjanah et al. (2012)
Sepia pharaonis
6.92 5.57 15.18 7.79 –
8.95 Chakraborty et al. (2016b)
Sepiella inermis
6.43 5.33 8.34 8.45 –
9.34 Chakraborty et al. (2016b)
Sepia officinalis
0.01 0.45 1.08 0.14 –
3 Molluscan Shellfish