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Chlamys farreri, Amusium japonicum, and Pecten novaezealandiae (Lovatelli
1987). Some scallop species of commercial importance are mentioned below.
Argopecten irradians (Lamarck, 1819) (Bay Scallop)
The bay scallop, A. irradians, is geographically distributed along the Atlantic and
Gulf coasts of the United States. This species of scallop used to support a large
fishery on the East Coast of the United States, but since the 1950s, the fishery of the
wild scallops has decreased greatly. This decrease is apparently the result of several
negative influences, one of which is a reduction in sea grasses due to increased
coastal development and concomitant nutrient runoff. Another possible factor is
reduction of sharks from overfishing. A variety of sharks used to feed on rays, which
are a main predator of bay scallops. With the shark population reduced, in some
places almost eliminated, the rays have been free to feed on scallops to the point of
greatly decreasing their numbers. Bay scallops are now raised in aquaculture in
Florida. They were introduced into China for the 1980s and are the basis of a vibrant
aquaculture industry in that country. The species was introduced for culture in China
during the early 1980s and has since become one of the dominant species of scallops cultivated in that country (Wikipedia 2019i).
Chlamys farreri (Müller, 1776) (Chinese Scallop/Zhikong Scallop)
Chlamys farreri, also known as the Zhikong scallop, is a Pacific Asian subtropical
species (Shi et al. 2013). Zhikong scallop has a wide distribution along the coasts of
North China, Korea, Japan, and Eastern Russia. It is a most dominant scallop species for aquaculture, and its production has reached approximately 80% of the total
scallop production in China (Zhang et al. 2011). C. farreri is popular seafood in
East Asian countries because of its large and edible adductor muscle, which makes
it a significant species in aquaculture and fishery (Shi et al. 2013).
Patinopecten yessoensis (Jay, 1857) (Yesso Scallop)
Patinopecten yessoensis is a cold-water species common to the north-western
Pacific, including the Kuril Islands, Sakhaline (Russia), Hokkaido and northern
Honshu (Japan) and the north-eastern coast of Korea. P. yessoensis is commonly
distributed on subtidal sand flats at a water depth of 10–50 m. Most of the production of P. yessoensis comes from China and Japan, with the Republic of Korea and
the Russian Federation contributing as minor producers. There is also a relatively
small production source originating from the Pacific coast of Canada. P. yessoensis
is one of the most highly favoured scallops on the international market and can be
consumed in a variety of manners: raw, boiled, fried, dried or canned. Fresh adductor muscle is highly appreciated in sushi bars, and baked scallop meat is popular in
seafood restaurants. The first aquaculture of P. yessoensis was initiated in Mutsu
Bay on northern Honshu, in 1965, using naturally harvested P. yessoensis seeds.
P. yessoensis is currently cultured in Japan, China, Korea, Russia, Taiwan, and
Morocco using sawing and the long line hanging method (Cabi 2019e).
Pecten maximus/Chlamys maximus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Great Scallop)
Pecten maximus is native to the eastern Atlantic Ocean, from Norway to Spain, as
well as the Azores and the Canaries. The species is considered a delicacy and has
3 Molluscan Shellfish
Chlamys farreri, Amusium japonicum, and Pecten novaezealandiae (Lovatelli
1987). Some scallop species of commercial importance are mentioned below.
Argopecten irradians (Lamarck, 1819) (Bay Scallop)
The bay scallop, A. irradians, is geographically distributed along the Atlantic and
Gulf coasts of the United States. This species of scallop used to support a large
fishery on the East Coast of the United States, but since the 1950s, the fishery of the
wild scallops has decreased greatly. This decrease is apparently the result of several
negative influences, one of which is a reduction in sea grasses due to increased
coastal development and concomitant nutrient runoff. Another possible factor is
reduction of sharks from overfishing. A variety of sharks used to feed on rays, which
are a main predator of bay scallops. With the shark population reduced, in some
places almost eliminated, the rays have been free to feed on scallops to the point of
greatly decreasing their numbers. Bay scallops are now raised in aquaculture in
Florida. They were introduced into China for the 1980s and are the basis of a vibrant
aquaculture industry in that country. The species was introduced for culture in China
during the early 1980s and has since become one of the dominant species of scallops cultivated in that country (Wikipedia 2019i).
Chlamys farreri (Müller, 1776) (Chinese Scallop/Zhikong Scallop)
Chlamys farreri, also known as the Zhikong scallop, is a Pacific Asian subtropical
species (Shi et al. 2013). Zhikong scallop has a wide distribution along the coasts of
North China, Korea, Japan, and Eastern Russia. It is a most dominant scallop species for aquaculture, and its production has reached approximately 80% of the total
scallop production in China (Zhang et al. 2011). C. farreri is popular seafood in
East Asian countries because of its large and edible adductor muscle, which makes
it a significant species in aquaculture and fishery (Shi et al. 2013).
Patinopecten yessoensis (Jay, 1857) (Yesso Scallop)
Patinopecten yessoensis is a cold-water species common to the north-western
Pacific, including the Kuril Islands, Sakhaline (Russia), Hokkaido and northern
Honshu (Japan) and the north-eastern coast of Korea. P. yessoensis is commonly
distributed on subtidal sand flats at a water depth of 10–50 m. Most of the production of P. yessoensis comes from China and Japan, with the Republic of Korea and
the Russian Federation contributing as minor producers. There is also a relatively
small production source originating from the Pacific coast of Canada. P. yessoensis
is one of the most highly favoured scallops on the international market and can be
consumed in a variety of manners: raw, boiled, fried, dried or canned. Fresh adductor muscle is highly appreciated in sushi bars, and baked scallop meat is popular in
seafood restaurants. The first aquaculture of P. yessoensis was initiated in Mutsu
Bay on northern Honshu, in 1965, using naturally harvested P. yessoensis seeds.
P. yessoensis is currently cultured in Japan, China, Korea, Russia, Taiwan, and
Morocco using sawing and the long line hanging method (Cabi 2019e).
Pecten maximus/Chlamys maximus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Great Scallop)
Pecten maximus is native to the eastern Atlantic Ocean, from Norway to Spain, as
well as the Azores and the Canaries. The species is considered a delicacy and has
3 Molluscan Shellfish