183
substrate and collect scallops in an attached steel-ring bag (Mercaldo-Allen and
Goldberg 2011).
Hand harvest techniques and those associated with suspended scallop culture are
believed to have no significant impacts on habitat (Heinonen 2013). The impacts of
dredges on seafloor habitat have been reported as reducing of habitat complexity
and species diversity, causing the shifts in community structure, loss of vertical
structure, and reducing productivity or biomass (Mercaldo-Allen and Goldberg 2011).
Production and Trade of Scallops
Scallop trade dropped sharply in the first three quarters of 2017, mainly due to the
lower supply from Peru. The United States of America and China are the main scallop exporters and importers. Peru had three consecutive years of disastrous scallop
production. As a result, Peruvian scallop exports, which in the past amounted to
around 9000 tonnes for the review period, were down to only 2400 tonnes in the first
9 months of 2016 and 2017. The sanitary office of Peru closed off the main production area for exports of live scallops to the EU28 in 2017. There are signs that the
situation will improve in 2018, because many juvenile scallops have recently been
found in the water, so there should be plenty of scallops around for the harvesting
season in November 2018 (FAO-Globefish 2018a).
China is by far the main scallop producer worldwide, with 1.9 million tonnes
production per year, which represents over 90% of the world scallop production.
Most of this production is consumed domestically and therefore trade is limited. In
early 2018, some scallop farms experienced problems with high mortalities due an
increase in water temperature, a decrease in rainfall and a major reduction in plankton abundance (FAO-Globefish 2019).
Some Important Species of Scallop
Many of the species of scallops grow large enough to have commercial interest. The
most important species in Japan is Patinopecten yessoensis, otherwise known as the
giant “ezo scallop”. Other important species cultured in Japan are the “fan shell
scallop” Pecten albicans, and the “queen scallop” Chlamys nobilis. In the USA the
principal species of interest are the “Bay scallop”, Argopecten irradians, “the calico
scallop”, Argopecten gibbus, and “the purple hinge rock scallop”, Hinnites multirugosus. In Canada, “the giant scallop”, Placopecten magellanicus, is the most important in terms of harvested quantities. The Chilean Argopecten purpuratus, and the
Argentinean Zygochlamys patagonica are all commercially important species. Two
valuable species are found in European waters, the King scallop, Pecten maximus,
and the smaller species Chlamys opercularis, also known as Queen scallop. Other
important species in Europe are the Icelandic scallop, Chlamys islandica, and the
Greek scallop, Chlamys glabra. Other commercially important scallops are: Pecten
fumata or Australian scallop, Amusium pleuronectes or Asian moon scallop,
3.1 Bivalves
substrate and collect scallops in an attached steel-ring bag (Mercaldo-Allen and
Goldberg 2011).
Hand harvest techniques and those associated with suspended scallop culture are
believed to have no significant impacts on habitat (Heinonen 2013). The impacts of
dredges on seafloor habitat have been reported as reducing of habitat complexity
and species diversity, causing the shifts in community structure, loss of vertical
structure, and reducing productivity or biomass (Mercaldo-Allen and Goldberg 2011).
Production and Trade of Scallops
Scallop trade dropped sharply in the first three quarters of 2017, mainly due to the
lower supply from Peru. The United States of America and China are the main scallop exporters and importers. Peru had three consecutive years of disastrous scallop
production. As a result, Peruvian scallop exports, which in the past amounted to
around 9000 tonnes for the review period, were down to only 2400 tonnes in the first
9 months of 2016 and 2017. The sanitary office of Peru closed off the main production area for exports of live scallops to the EU28 in 2017. There are signs that the
situation will improve in 2018, because many juvenile scallops have recently been
found in the water, so there should be plenty of scallops around for the harvesting
season in November 2018 (FAO-Globefish 2018a).
China is by far the main scallop producer worldwide, with 1.9 million tonnes
production per year, which represents over 90% of the world scallop production.
Most of this production is consumed domestically and therefore trade is limited. In
early 2018, some scallop farms experienced problems with high mortalities due an
increase in water temperature, a decrease in rainfall and a major reduction in plankton abundance (FAO-Globefish 2019).
Some Important Species of Scallop
Many of the species of scallops grow large enough to have commercial interest. The
most important species in Japan is Patinopecten yessoensis, otherwise known as the
giant “ezo scallop”. Other important species cultured in Japan are the “fan shell
scallop” Pecten albicans, and the “queen scallop” Chlamys nobilis. In the USA the
principal species of interest are the “Bay scallop”, Argopecten irradians, “the calico
scallop”, Argopecten gibbus, and “the purple hinge rock scallop”, Hinnites multirugosus. In Canada, “the giant scallop”, Placopecten magellanicus, is the most important in terms of harvested quantities. The Chilean Argopecten purpuratus, and the
Argentinean Zygochlamys patagonica are all commercially important species. Two
valuable species are found in European waters, the King scallop, Pecten maximus,
and the smaller species Chlamys opercularis, also known as Queen scallop. Other
important species in Europe are the Icelandic scallop, Chlamys islandica, and the
Greek scallop, Chlamys glabra. Other commercially important scallops are: Pecten
fumata or Australian scallop, Amusium pleuronectes or Asian moon scallop,
3.1 Bivalves