392
Index
Sorona 102
Soy 3
– flour 26
– meal 26
– meat 26
– milk 26
– oil 26, 304
– oil, extraction of 26
– oil, rancidity of 26
– plant 26, 27
– protein 26, 261
– quark (Tofu) 26
Soybean oil 26, 63
– composition 21
– hydroformylation of 68
– prices of 31
– production of 31, 32
Soybeans 26, 137, 255, 261, 289
Spearmint oils 225
Speier catalyst 84
Sperm
– oil 30
– whale 30, 315, 316
Spherical proteins 260
Spheroidal proteins 260
Spinach 297, 299
Splitting water 39
Sprayed 262
Spruce
– composition 203
– wood 204
Spurge family 29
Squalane 221
Squalene 231, 233, 288
– epoxide 288
Stabilizers 51
– for rubber 244
Staphylococci 286
Starch 3, 6, 114, 116, 138, 161, 164,
175, 328
– acetates 172
– acetylation 172
– applications 167, 174
– based biorefineries 354
– based plastics 325
– biorefinery 345, 352
– blends 329
– carboxy ethers 172
– cationic 173
– chemical derivatisation 170
– citric acid esters 172
– composites 329
– containing plants 163
– degradation 173
– degradation to maltose 130
– derivatization 170
– derivatized 167
– esters 171, 175
– ether 172
– factories 165
– grains 163
– history 116, 165
– hydrolysed 167
– industrial use 168
– inorganic esters 171
– material use 168
– modification 167
– modified 174
– native 166
– nitrate esters 171
– occurence of 162, 163
– organic esters 172
– oxidation 173
– oxidative cleavage 173
– oxidized 173
– partially hydrolyzed 168
– phosphoric acid esters 171
– pregelatinized 168
– price 11
– production of 163, 165
– production of bioplastics 329
– products 168
– products, overview 169
– raw materials in Europe 166
– saccharification products 169
– saccharified 167
– soluble 168
– structure of 162
– thermally modified 167
– thermoplastic 168
– thinned 168
– use of 166
– with carboxy groups 172
– worldwide production 163
Steak 260
Steam distillation 319, 321
– direct method 320
– indirect method 320
– of flowers 319
Steam reforming 106
– of glycerol 106
Stearic acid 18, 19, 29, 41
Stearodiolein 97
Stearyl alcohol 46, 48
Steran skeleton 288
Steroids 232, 288, 289, 292
– biosynthesis from terpenes 288
– hormones 289, 292
– sterane backbone 288
Stick varnish 333
Stigmasterol 289
Stirred tank reactor 127
Stone nut 117
Storage carbohydrate 137
Storage proteins 261
Strauss, Levi 271
Straw 2, 9
Strecker synthesis 253
Strength 10
Stress hormone 261
Structural
– packings 41
– proteins 261
Strychnine 285
Stumped sting snail 267
Styrene–butadiene rubber 246
Suberine 332, 338
– structure 332
Substances
– natural 2
– primary 3
– secondary 3
Substituted fatty acids 62
Substitution reactions 62, 85
Succinates 120
Succinic
– acid 120, 122, 335
– anhydride 120
Sucralose 136
– from sucrose 136
Sucrose 58, 93, 97, 116, 117, 124, 129,
139
– chlorination of 136
– esters 134, 140
– ethers 134, 140
– fatty acid esters 135
– isomerization of 129, 136
– monoether 135
– oxidation 136
– price 11
– processing 134
– production 131
– telomer 135
– telomerization 134
– Williamson synthesis 134
– world production 132
– worldwide amounts 131
Südzucker 136
Sugaṙ 3, 6, 114, 168, 259
– crystallization 131, 132
– dilute juice 132
– esters 128, 139
– factory 116, 132
– history 116
– juice purification 132
– juice thickening 131, 132
– market 134
– producers 130
– production 131
– production, flow diagram 133
– quality 134
– refined 133
– conversion to dicarboxylic
acids 336
– dehydration reactions 120
– thick juice 132
– white 133
Sugar alcohols 123, 139, 170
– non-cariogenic 124
Sugar-based biorefineries 354
Sugar based polymers 137
Sugar beet 114, 131
– breeding of 131
– juice 256
– producers 131
– cutting of 131
– extraction 133
– washing system 131
Sugar biorefinery 345, 352
Index
Sorona 102
Soy 3
– flour 26
– meal 26
– meat 26
– milk 26
– oil 26, 304
– oil, extraction of 26
– oil, rancidity of 26
– plant 26, 27
– protein 26, 261
– quark (Tofu) 26
Soybean oil 26, 63
– composition 21
– hydroformylation of 68
– prices of 31
– production of 31, 32
Soybeans 26, 137, 255, 261, 289
Spearmint oils 225
Speier catalyst 84
Sperm
– oil 30
– whale 30, 315, 316
Spherical proteins 260
Spheroidal proteins 260
Spinach 297, 299
Splitting water 39
Sprayed 262
Spruce
– composition 203
– wood 204
Spurge family 29
Squalane 221
Squalene 231, 233, 288
– epoxide 288
Stabilizers 51
– for rubber 244
Staphylococci 286
Starch 3, 6, 114, 116, 138, 161, 164,
175, 328
– acetates 172
– acetylation 172
– applications 167, 174
– based biorefineries 354
– based plastics 325
– biorefinery 345, 352
– blends 329
– carboxy ethers 172
– cationic 173
– chemical derivatisation 170
– citric acid esters 172
– composites 329
– containing plants 163
– degradation 173
– degradation to maltose 130
– derivatization 170
– derivatized 167
– esters 171, 175
– ether 172
– factories 165
– grains 163
– history 116, 165
– hydrolysed 167
– industrial use 168
– inorganic esters 171
– material use 168
– modification 167
– modified 174
– native 166
– nitrate esters 171
– occurence of 162, 163
– organic esters 172
– oxidation 173
– oxidative cleavage 173
– oxidized 173
– partially hydrolyzed 168
– phosphoric acid esters 171
– pregelatinized 168
– price 11
– production of 163, 165
– production of bioplastics 329
– products 168
– products, overview 169
– raw materials in Europe 166
– saccharification products 169
– saccharified 167
– soluble 168
– structure of 162
– thermally modified 167
– thermoplastic 168
– thinned 168
– use of 166
– with carboxy groups 172
– worldwide production 163
Steak 260
Steam distillation 319, 321
– direct method 320
– indirect method 320
– of flowers 319
Steam reforming 106
– of glycerol 106
Stearic acid 18, 19, 29, 41
Stearodiolein 97
Stearyl alcohol 46, 48
Steran skeleton 288
Steroids 232, 288, 289, 292
– biosynthesis from terpenes 288
– hormones 289, 292
– sterane backbone 288
Stick varnish 333
Stigmasterol 289
Stirred tank reactor 127
Stone nut 117
Storage carbohydrate 137
Storage proteins 261
Strauss, Levi 271
Straw 2, 9
Strecker synthesis 253
Strength 10
Stress hormone 261
Structural
– packings 41
– proteins 261
Strychnine 285
Stumped sting snail 267
Styrene–butadiene rubber 246
Suberine 332, 338
– structure 332
Substances
– natural 2
– primary 3
– secondary 3
Substituted fatty acids 62
Substitution reactions 62, 85
Succinates 120
Succinic
– acid 120, 122, 335
– anhydride 120
Sucralose 136
– from sucrose 136
Sucrose 58, 93, 97, 116, 117, 124, 129,
139
– chlorination of 136
– esters 134, 140
– ethers 134, 140
– fatty acid esters 135
– isomerization of 129, 136
– monoether 135
– oxidation 136
– price 11
– processing 134
– production 131
– telomer 135
– telomerization 134
– Williamson synthesis 134
– world production 132
– worldwide amounts 131
Südzucker 136
Sugaṙ 3, 6, 114, 168, 259
– crystallization 131, 132
– dilute juice 132
– esters 128, 139
– factory 116, 132
– history 116
– juice purification 132
– juice thickening 131, 132
– market 134
– producers 130
– production 131
– production, flow diagram 133
– quality 134
– refined 133
– conversion to dicarboxylic
acids 336
– dehydration reactions 120
– thick juice 132
– white 133
Sugar alcohols 123, 139, 170
– non-cariogenic 124
Sugar-based biorefineries 354
Sugar based polymers 137
Sugar beet 114, 131
– breeding of 131
– juice 256
– producers 131
– cutting of 131
– extraction 133
– washing system 131
Sugar biorefinery 345, 352