375
C–C
Index
Biomass 2, 355
– degradation 213
– industrial 2
– -to-Liquids (BtL) 352
Biomaterials 209, 210
Biomonomers 334
Bio-PET 325
Bioplastics 324
– biodegradability 324
– compostability 327
– composting 327
– degradation 327
Bio-polyamides 336, 337
Bio-polyethylene 325, 337
Bio-polyethylene terephthalate 325
Biopolymers 6, 26, 76, 144, 323, 324,
337
– biodegradability 326
– classification 324
– definition 324
– representatives 328
Biorefineries 76, 213, 341, 343, 345
– classification 345
– closed-loop 213
– comparison with oil refinery 344
– concept 344
– definition 344
– example biodiesel production 346
– example with vegetable oil 346
– for biosolvents 213
– general scheme 346
– in Europe 354
– roadmap 344
Biosolvents, from lignin 213
Biosurfactants 6
Biosyncrude 352
Biotin 299, 305
– formula 299
– producers 299
Biowaste-based biorefineries 354
Birth control pills 290
Bishydroxylation 65
Bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) 120,
121
Bisphenol A 103
Blackcurrants 302
Black
– liquor 148, 149, 209
– pepper 225
– pine 222
– tea 267, 281
Bleaching 23, 51, 91, 127, 149
– earth 23
Blending 244
Blood
– antibodies 261
– clotting control 305
– proteins 256
Blue
– color 271
– crab 180
– dyeing 266
– jeans 271
– miracle 272
– wood 267
BNC, see bacterial nanocellulose
Board 150
Bock, Hieronymus 278, 279
Body
– care products 93
– cleaning 43
Boelhouwer, C. 71
Boiling points of fatty alcohols 46
Bombyx mori 331
Bones
– atrophy 303
– formation 305
– mineralisation 303
Bookbinding 70
Borneol 225
Botulinus toxin 261
Bouillon-Lagrange 165
Bouveault–Blanc process 47
Braconnot, Henri 179, 256
Branched
– alcohols 55
– fatty acids 70, 78
– fatty acids, in tallow 31
– fatty alcohols 55
– fatty esters 79
– long chain alcohols 55
– polyesters 336
– polymers 97
Brassica napus oleifera 25
Brassidic acid 20
Brazil 130, 131, 351
– wood 267
Breeding 21
– of rapeseed 25
Broad range ethoxylates (BRE) 50
Broad-spectrum antibiotics 288
Broccoli 297
Bromoalkanes 134
Brotzu, Giuseppe 288
Brown algae 184, 185
BtL, see Biomass-to-Liquids
Buchner, Johann Andreas 279
Buffers 52
Bulletproof glass 153
1,3-Butadiene 100
Butadiene rubber 246
1,4-Butanedicarboxylic acid 335
1,4-Butanediol 120, 122, 335
Butenandt, Adolf 288
Butenolysis 76
Butter 19, 31, 297
Buttermilk 335
Butyl glucoside 126
B vitamins 305
By-product of pulp production 213
C
CA, see cellulose acetate
Cabbage 303
Cadmium oxide 48
Caffeine 278, 281, 292
– adsorption 283
– chemical structure 282
– consumption 282
– effects 282
– extraction 282
– pharmacological effects 282
– structure of 282
Calander 150
Calciferols 303, 306
– structure 303
Calcium 43
– balance 303
– hydroxide 132
– lactate 118, 335
Calendulic acid 20
Camellia sinensis 281
Camphanes 222, 225
Camphene 223, 232
Camphor 155, 225, 227, 232
Cane sugar 116
Cannabinoids 146
Cannabis sativa 146
Cannizzaro S. 313
Canola oil 19
Caoutchouc 238, 244
Capric
– acid 19, 41
– alcohol 46
Capryl alcohol 46, 55
Caprylic acid 19, 103
Caranes 225
Carbene complexes 71
Carbohydrates 111, 139
– cyclic 191, 192
– elemental composition 11
– formation 2
– introduction 114
– metabolism 290
– naming of 114
Carbonaceous raw materials 5
Carbon black 244
Carbon dioxide 2, 8, 97, 105, 106, 132,
279
– reaction with epoxides 64
– reaction with epoxidized oleochemicals 64
– reaction with glycerol 97
– supercritical 23, 283, 318
Carbon disulfide 152
Carbon monoxide 105
Carboxyethylbetain 57
Carboxy Group 45
Carboxylic acids 18, 45, 124
Carboxymethyl
– cellulose (CMC) 156
– starch 172
Carboxy starch 174
Carcass 246
Cardanol 77
Cardboard 150
Carene 227
C–C
Index
Biomass 2, 355
– degradation 213
– industrial 2
– -to-Liquids (BtL) 352
Biomaterials 209, 210
Biomonomers 334
Bio-PET 325
Bioplastics 324
– biodegradability 324
– compostability 327
– composting 327
– degradation 327
Bio-polyamides 336, 337
Bio-polyethylene 325, 337
Bio-polyethylene terephthalate 325
Biopolymers 6, 26, 76, 144, 323, 324,
337
– biodegradability 326
– classification 324
– definition 324
– representatives 328
Biorefineries 76, 213, 341, 343, 345
– classification 345
– closed-loop 213
– comparison with oil refinery 344
– concept 344
– definition 344
– example biodiesel production 346
– example with vegetable oil 346
– for biosolvents 213
– general scheme 346
– in Europe 354
– roadmap 344
Biosolvents, from lignin 213
Biosurfactants 6
Biosyncrude 352
Biotin 299, 305
– formula 299
– producers 299
Biowaste-based biorefineries 354
Birth control pills 290
Bishydroxylation 65
Bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) 120,
121
Bisphenol A 103
Blackcurrants 302
Black
– liquor 148, 149, 209
– pepper 225
– pine 222
– tea 267, 281
Bleaching 23, 51, 91, 127, 149
– earth 23
Blending 244
Blood
– antibodies 261
– clotting control 305
– proteins 256
Blue
– color 271
– crab 180
– dyeing 266
– jeans 271
– miracle 272
– wood 267
BNC, see bacterial nanocellulose
Board 150
Bock, Hieronymus 278, 279
Body
– care products 93
– cleaning 43
Boelhouwer, C. 71
Boiling points of fatty alcohols 46
Bombyx mori 331
Bones
– atrophy 303
– formation 305
– mineralisation 303
Bookbinding 70
Borneol 225
Botulinus toxin 261
Bouillon-Lagrange 165
Bouveault–Blanc process 47
Braconnot, Henri 179, 256
Branched
– alcohols 55
– fatty acids 70, 78
– fatty acids, in tallow 31
– fatty alcohols 55
– fatty esters 79
– long chain alcohols 55
– polyesters 336
– polymers 97
Brassica napus oleifera 25
Brassidic acid 20
Brazil 130, 131, 351
– wood 267
Breeding 21
– of rapeseed 25
Broad range ethoxylates (BRE) 50
Broad-spectrum antibiotics 288
Broccoli 297
Bromoalkanes 134
Brotzu, Giuseppe 288
Brown algae 184, 185
BtL, see Biomass-to-Liquids
Buchner, Johann Andreas 279
Buffers 52
Bulletproof glass 153
1,3-Butadiene 100
Butadiene rubber 246
1,4-Butanedicarboxylic acid 335
1,4-Butanediol 120, 122, 335
Butenandt, Adolf 288
Butenolysis 76
Butter 19, 31, 297
Buttermilk 335
Butyl glucoside 126
B vitamins 305
By-product of pulp production 213
C
CA, see cellulose acetate
Cabbage 303
Cadmium oxide 48
Caffeine 278, 281, 292
– adsorption 283
– chemical structure 282
– consumption 282
– effects 282
– extraction 282
– pharmacological effects 282
– structure of 282
Calander 150
Calciferols 303, 306
– structure 303
Calcium 43
– balance 303
– hydroxide 132
– lactate 118, 335
Calendulic acid 20
Camellia sinensis 281
Camphanes 222, 225
Camphene 223, 232
Camphor 155, 225, 227, 232
Cane sugar 116
Cannabinoids 146
Cannabis sativa 146
Cannizzaro S. 313
Canola oil 19
Caoutchouc 238, 244
Capric
– acid 19, 41
– alcohol 46
Capryl alcohol 46, 55
Caprylic acid 19, 103
Caranes 225
Carbene complexes 71
Carbohydrates 111, 139
– cyclic 191, 192
– elemental composition 11
– formation 2
– introduction 114
– metabolism 290
– naming of 114
Carbonaceous raw materials 5
Carbon black 244
Carbon dioxide 2, 8, 97, 105, 106, 132,
279
– reaction with epoxides 64
– reaction with epoxidized oleochemicals 64
– reaction with glycerol 97
– supercritical 23, 283, 318
Carbon disulfide 152
Carbon monoxide 105
Carboxyethylbetain 57
Carboxy Group 45
Carboxylic acids 18, 45, 124
Carboxymethyl
– cellulose (CMC) 156
– starch 172
Carboxy starch 174
Carcass 246
Cardanol 77
Cardboard 150
Carene 227