282
R. Halim
Table 12.2
(continued)
Study
Species
Biomass
state
Pretreatment and
cell rupture
Extraction solvents and
conditions
Maximum yield/recovery at
optimum conditions
Key findings
Dong
et al.
(2014)
H. pluvialis
Freeze-dried n/a
Four different extraction
methods: 1. 70 °C HCl
(4 M) biomass treatment
followed by
ultrasound-assisted
acetone extraction, 2.
ultrasound-assisted
hexane/IPA extraction, 3.
sequential
ultrasound-assisted
methanol and acetone
extractions, 4. vegetable
oil extraction
19.8 mg astaxanthin/g
biomass with HCl-acetone
extraction (method 1)
The highest lipid
extraction yield (33.3 wt%
of biomass) and
antioxidant activity were
also obtained with
HCl-acetone extraction
(method 1) Antioxidant
activity of the extract can
be directly correlated to its
astaxanthin content
Reyes
et al.
(2014)
H. pluvialis
Powder
n/a
Supercritical carbon
dioxide extraction with
ethanol as a co-solvent
82.29 wt% of available
astaxanthin at 55 °C,
20.0 MPa, 13 wt% ethanol in
SCCO
2
Ethanol content had more
impact on the yield,
astaxanthin content and
antioxidant activity of the
extract than pressure and
temperature
(continued)