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L. M. Martínez-Prieto and P. W. N. M. van Leeuwen
Table 12.2
Nitrogen donor-stabilized Ru NPs synthesis and catalytic applications
Metal precursor
Stabilizing ligand
Synthetic approach
Catalysis
Comments
Refs.
Ru(acac)
3
Oleylamine
Thermal decomposition
Dehydrogenation of
ammonia borane in water
Ru NPs supported in Al
2 O
3
[16]
en–RuCl
3
Ethylenediamine
Reduction by NaBH
4
None
Fast exchange between
coordinated and free ligand
[17]
Ru(COD)(COT) Alkylamines (C8, C12 and
C16)
H
2 ,
−80 °C, 24h, THF
None
Dynamic studies
[18]
Ru(acac)
2
Dodecylamine
H
2 , 140 °C, 70h, Mes
None
Ru hour-glass NPs
[19]
Ru
3 (CO)
12
Hexadecylamine/
hexadecanoic acid
H
2 , 160 °C, 6h, toluene
C−C and C−O activation
Ru nanostars
[20]
Ru(COD)(COT) Aminopropyltriethoxysilane H
2 , 25 °C, 12h, THF
Dehydrogenation of
dimethylamine-borane
Used as building blocks to
synthesize RuO
2 @SiO
2
[21–23]
Ru(COD)(COT) 1-octylamine,
1-hexadecylamine
H
2 , 30 °C, 12h, ILs
Hydrogenation of toluene
and unsaturated compounds
Amines increased the
stability of Ru NPs
(recyclable up to 10 times)
[24, 25]
RuCl
3
·3H 2 O
Cyclodextrines
+ chiral
aminoacids
(i) Reduction by H
2
(ii) Reduction by NaBH
4
Hydrogenation of pro-chiral
compounds
No significant enantiomeric
excess
[26]
Ru(COD)(COT) 4-(3-phenylpropyl)-pyridine
H
2 , 25 °C, 1h, THF
None
Dual coordination mode
[27]
Ru(COD)(COT) Phenylpyridine
H
2 , 25 °C, THF
Electrocatalytic HER
In both acidic and basic
media
[28]
Ru(COD)(COT) Chiral N-donor ligands
H
2 ,
−80 °C, 24h,
THF-methanol
Reduction of organic
prochiral unsaturated
substrates
Poor enantioselectivity
[28]
Ru(COD)·(COT) ICy.(p-tol)NCN
H
2 , 25 °C, 22h, THF
Styrene hydrogenation
Ultra-small Ru NPs (~1 nm) [29]
(continued)