11 Selective Hydrogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones
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Table 11.33 Hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes catalyzed by Ru–Fe/C12A7:e −
Substrate
Product
Yield (%)
Selectivity (%)
96.2
96.7
88.9
95.2
X = OMe: 89.2 a
X = F: 92.2 a
X = Cl: 91.3 a
X = Br: 85.5 a
X = NO 2 : 73.1 b
93.6
95.4
94.2
91.4
91.7
83 c
92.9
93.4 d
96.8
97.8 d
95.5
90.1 e
75.0
96.7 d
93.1
44.1 e
87.3
39.6 f
96.4
Reaction conditions: Catalyst (100 mg, 1 wt% Ru, 1 wt% Fe), substrate (8 mmol), 20 bar H 2 , 12 h,
130 °C
a 48 h
b Substrate (4 mmol), THF (5 mL), 48 h
c 110 °C, 12 h
d Substrate (4 mmol), 90 °C, 36 h
e 40 bar H 2 , 48 h
f 36 h
hydrogenation of different aliphatic α,β-unsaturated ketones (Table 11.34). The
authors suggest that the support modifies the electron density on the metal, which
favours the adsorption and subsequent activation of the C=C bond at the surface of
the nanoparticles.