6 Catalysis with MNPs on N-Doped Carbon
215
NH2
91%
(Amphetamine)
NH2
88%
(2-Methoxyamphetamine)
O
HO
NH2
88%
(4-Hydroxyamphetamine)
Preparation of CNS stimulants
O
NH2
90%
(Nabumetone-NH2)
NH2
N
N
N
N
O
O
77%
(Pentoxifylline-NH2)
F
NH2
N
N
N
81%
(Azaperone-NH2)
Amination of drug molecules
H
H
H
H
HO
NH2
90%
(Androsterone-NH2)
H
H
H
HO
NH2
86%
(Stanolone-NH2)
H
H
H
HO
NH2
82%
(Pregnenolone-NH2)
H
H
H
O
NH2
O
84%
(Dehydroepiandrosterone acetate-NH2)
NH2
H
HO
H
H
91%
(Estrone-NH2)
Amination of steroid derivatives
H
N
N
N
N
O
O
92%
(Piribedil)
Cl
N
N
92%
(Buclizine)
HO
H
H
N
H
Br
Br
NH2
82%
(Ambroxol)
N
O
88%
(Fenpropimorph)
H
N
Cl
86%
(MDBZP)
HN
N
O
O
O
O
O
HN
N
84 %
(Trimetazidine)
HN
N
O
Br
O
82%
(2C-B-BZP)
O
O
N
N
87%
(Befuraline)
O
Cl
O
N
N
O
O
84%
(Fipexide)
Preparation of existing drug molecules: Showcasing the applicability of Co nanoparticles
88%
(Clobenzorex)
Scheme 6.20 Co-DBCO-TPA@C-800 synthesis of existing drug molecules and amination of life
science and steroid derivatives
6.3 Supported Ni-Based Nanoparticles Surrounded
by Nitrogen Doped Carbon Layers
Similar to iron and cobalt, a Ni-phenanthroline complex was also immobilized and
pyrolyzed on SiO 2 support to obtain N-doped graphene surrounded Ni-nanoparticles
[37]. The pyrolysis of Ni- phenanthroline on Aerosil OX 50 at 1000 °C under argon
for 2 h resulted in the formation of intermetallic nickel silicide (Ni–Si/NixOy–SiO 2 )
core-shell nanoparticles distributed on the surface of the silica support, covered by
N-doped graphene enriched with Si atoms (Fig. 6.5) [37].
This Ni–Si-based nanocatalyst enabled efficient and selective hydrogenation of
nitroarenes, carbonyl compounds, nitriles, N-heteroarenes and unsaturated carbon–
carbon bonds (Scheme 6.21) [37]. Advantageously, this Ni–Si-based nanomaterial
creates a general hydrogenation catalysts alternative to Raney Ni [37].
2
+
N
N
N
N
Ni
2AcO
-
SiO 2
SiO 2
Ni 31 Si 12 /Ni 2 Si
2. Pyrolysed at 1000
o C
under Ar for 2h
1. Immobilized on SiO 2
In situ generated
Ni-phenanthroline complex
Silica supported Ni-Si core-shell NPs
covered by N-doped graphene
Fig. 6.5 Preparation of silica supported Ni–Si intermetallic core-shell NPs covered by N-doped
graphene
215
NH2
91%
(Amphetamine)
NH2
88%
(2-Methoxyamphetamine)
O
HO
NH2
88%
(4-Hydroxyamphetamine)
Preparation of CNS stimulants
O
NH2
90%
(Nabumetone-NH2)
NH2
N
N
N
N
O
O
77%
(Pentoxifylline-NH2)
F
NH2
N
N
N
81%
(Azaperone-NH2)
Amination of drug molecules
H
H
H
H
HO
NH2
90%
(Androsterone-NH2)
H
H
H
HO
NH2
86%
(Stanolone-NH2)
H
H
H
HO
NH2
82%
(Pregnenolone-NH2)
H
H
H
O
NH2
O
84%
(Dehydroepiandrosterone acetate-NH2)
NH2
H
HO
H
H
91%
(Estrone-NH2)
Amination of steroid derivatives
H
N
N
N
N
O
O
92%
(Piribedil)
Cl
N
N
92%
(Buclizine)
HO
H
H
N
H
Br
Br
NH2
82%
(Ambroxol)
N
O
88%
(Fenpropimorph)
H
N
Cl
86%
(MDBZP)
HN
N
O
O
O
O
O
HN
N
84 %
(Trimetazidine)
HN
N
O
Br
O
82%
(2C-B-BZP)
O
O
N
N
87%
(Befuraline)
O
Cl
O
N
N
O
O
84%
(Fipexide)
Preparation of existing drug molecules: Showcasing the applicability of Co nanoparticles
88%
(Clobenzorex)
Scheme 6.20 Co-DBCO-TPA@C-800 synthesis of existing drug molecules and amination of life
science and steroid derivatives
6.3 Supported Ni-Based Nanoparticles Surrounded
by Nitrogen Doped Carbon Layers
Similar to iron and cobalt, a Ni-phenanthroline complex was also immobilized and
pyrolyzed on SiO 2 support to obtain N-doped graphene surrounded Ni-nanoparticles
[37]. The pyrolysis of Ni- phenanthroline on Aerosil OX 50 at 1000 °C under argon
for 2 h resulted in the formation of intermetallic nickel silicide (Ni–Si/NixOy–SiO 2 )
core-shell nanoparticles distributed on the surface of the silica support, covered by
N-doped graphene enriched with Si atoms (Fig. 6.5) [37].
This Ni–Si-based nanocatalyst enabled efficient and selective hydrogenation of
nitroarenes, carbonyl compounds, nitriles, N-heteroarenes and unsaturated carbon–
carbon bonds (Scheme 6.21) [37]. Advantageously, this Ni–Si-based nanomaterial
creates a general hydrogenation catalysts alternative to Raney Ni [37].
2
+
N
N
N
N
Ni
2AcO
-
SiO 2
SiO 2
Ni 31 Si 12 /Ni 2 Si
2. Pyrolysed at 1000
o C
under Ar for 2h
1. Immobilized on SiO 2
In situ generated
Ni-phenanthroline complex
Silica supported Ni-Si core-shell NPs
covered by N-doped graphene
Fig. 6.5 Preparation of silica supported Ni–Si intermetallic core-shell NPs covered by N-doped
graphene