91
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 98, 701–708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ijbiomac.2017.01.137.
Sa’don, N. A., Rahim, A. A., Ibrahim, M. N. M., Brosse, N., & Hussin, M. H. (2017b). Modification
of oil palm fronds lignin by incorporation of m-cresol for improving structural and antioxidant
properties. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 104(Part A), 251–260. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.038.
Sadeghifar, H., & Argyropoulos, D. S. (2015). Correlations of the antioxidant properties of softwood kraft lignin fractions with the thermal stability of its blends with polyethylene. ACS
Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 3(2), 349–356. https://doi.org/10.1021/sc500756n.
Sadeghifar, H., & Argyropoulos, D. S. (2016). Macroscopic behavior of kraft lignin fractions:
Melt stability considerations for lignin-polyethylene blends. ACS Sustainable Chemistry &
Engineering, 4(10), 5160–5166. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b00636.
Shikinaka, K., Nakamura, M., Navarro, R. R., & Otsuka, Y. (2018). Plant-based antioxidant nanoparticles without biological toxicity. ChemistryOpen, 7(9), 709–712. https://doi.
org/10.1002/open.201800157.
Shogren, R. L., & Biswas, A. (2013). Preparation of starch–sodium lignosulfonate graft copolymers via laccase catalysis and characterization of antioxidant activity. Carbohydrate Polymers,
91(2), 581–585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.08.079.
Silva, C., Matamá, T., Kim, S. Y., Padrão, J., Prasetyo, E. N., Kudanga, T., Nyanhongo, G. S.,
Guebitz, G. M., Casal, M., & Cavaco-Paulo, A. (2011). Antimicrobial and antioxidant linen
via laccase-assisted grafting. Reactive and Functional Polymers, 71(7), 713–720. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2011.03.011.
Sipponen, M. H., Rojas, O. J., Pihlajaniemi, V., Lintinen, K., & Österberg, M. (2016). Calcium
chelation of lignin from pulping spent liquor for water-resistant slow-release urea fertilizer
systems. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 5(1), 1054–1061. https://doi.org/10.1021/
acssuschemeng.6b02348.
Sliwa, F., Bounia, N., Marin, G., Charrier, F., & Malet, F. (2012). A new generation of wood
polymer composite with improved thermal stability. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 97(4),
496–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.01.023.
Son, S., & Lewis, B. A. (2002). Free radical scavenging and antioxidative activity of caffeic acid
amide and ester analogues: Structure−activity relationship. Journal of Agricultural and Food
Chemistry, 50(3), 468–472. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010830b.
Takahashi, S., Hattori, M., Morimoto, M., Uraki, Y., & Yamada, T. (2014). Performance of softwood
soda-anthraquinone lignin as water-reducing chemical admixture in concrete. Journal of Wood
Chemistry and Technology, 34(1), 31–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2013.820322.
Toro-Márquez, L. A., Merino, D., & Gutiérrez, T. J. (2018). Bionanocomposite films prepared from
corn starch with and without nanopackaged Jamaica (Hibiscus sabdariffa) flower extract. Food
and Bioprocess Technology, 11(11), 1955–1973. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-018-2160-z.
Tribot, A., Amer, G., Abdou Alio, M., de Baynast, H., Delattre, C., Pons, A., Mathias, J.-D.,
Callois, J.-M., Vial, C., Michaud, P., & Dussap, C.-G. (2019). Wood-lignin: Supply, extraction
processes and use as bio-based material. European Polymer Journal, 112, 228–240. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.01.007.
Ugartondo, V., Mitjans, M., & Vinardell, M. P. (2008). Comparative antioxidant and cytotoxic
effects of lignins from different sources. Bioresource Technology, 99(14), 6683–6687. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.038.
Ugartondo, V., Mitjans, M., & Vinardell, M. P. (2009). Applicability of lignins from different sources as antioxidants based on the protective effects on lipid peroxidation induced by
oxygen radicals. Industrial Crops and Products, 30(2), 184–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
indcrop.2009.03.001.
Ukelis, U., Kramer, P. J., Olejniczak, K., & Mueller, S. O. (2008). Replacement of in vivo acute
oral toxicity studies by in vitro cytotoxicity methods: Opportunities, limits and regulatory
status. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 51(1), 108–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
yrtph.2008.02.002.
5 Lignin as a Natural Antioxidant: Property-Structure Relationship and Potential…
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 98, 701–708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ijbiomac.2017.01.137.
Sa’don, N. A., Rahim, A. A., Ibrahim, M. N. M., Brosse, N., & Hussin, M. H. (2017b). Modification
of oil palm fronds lignin by incorporation of m-cresol for improving structural and antioxidant
properties. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 104(Part A), 251–260. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.038.
Sadeghifar, H., & Argyropoulos, D. S. (2015). Correlations of the antioxidant properties of softwood kraft lignin fractions with the thermal stability of its blends with polyethylene. ACS
Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 3(2), 349–356. https://doi.org/10.1021/sc500756n.
Sadeghifar, H., & Argyropoulos, D. S. (2016). Macroscopic behavior of kraft lignin fractions:
Melt stability considerations for lignin-polyethylene blends. ACS Sustainable Chemistry &
Engineering, 4(10), 5160–5166. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b00636.
Shikinaka, K., Nakamura, M., Navarro, R. R., & Otsuka, Y. (2018). Plant-based antioxidant nanoparticles without biological toxicity. ChemistryOpen, 7(9), 709–712. https://doi.
org/10.1002/open.201800157.
Shogren, R. L., & Biswas, A. (2013). Preparation of starch–sodium lignosulfonate graft copolymers via laccase catalysis and characterization of antioxidant activity. Carbohydrate Polymers,
91(2), 581–585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.08.079.
Silva, C., Matamá, T., Kim, S. Y., Padrão, J., Prasetyo, E. N., Kudanga, T., Nyanhongo, G. S.,
Guebitz, G. M., Casal, M., & Cavaco-Paulo, A. (2011). Antimicrobial and antioxidant linen
via laccase-assisted grafting. Reactive and Functional Polymers, 71(7), 713–720. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2011.03.011.
Sipponen, M. H., Rojas, O. J., Pihlajaniemi, V., Lintinen, K., & Österberg, M. (2016). Calcium
chelation of lignin from pulping spent liquor for water-resistant slow-release urea fertilizer
systems. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 5(1), 1054–1061. https://doi.org/10.1021/
acssuschemeng.6b02348.
Sliwa, F., Bounia, N., Marin, G., Charrier, F., & Malet, F. (2012). A new generation of wood
polymer composite with improved thermal stability. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 97(4),
496–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.01.023.
Son, S., & Lewis, B. A. (2002). Free radical scavenging and antioxidative activity of caffeic acid
amide and ester analogues: Structure−activity relationship. Journal of Agricultural and Food
Chemistry, 50(3), 468–472. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010830b.
Takahashi, S., Hattori, M., Morimoto, M., Uraki, Y., & Yamada, T. (2014). Performance of softwood
soda-anthraquinone lignin as water-reducing chemical admixture in concrete. Journal of Wood
Chemistry and Technology, 34(1), 31–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2013.820322.
Toro-Márquez, L. A., Merino, D., & Gutiérrez, T. J. (2018). Bionanocomposite films prepared from
corn starch with and without nanopackaged Jamaica (Hibiscus sabdariffa) flower extract. Food
and Bioprocess Technology, 11(11), 1955–1973. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-018-2160-z.
Tribot, A., Amer, G., Abdou Alio, M., de Baynast, H., Delattre, C., Pons, A., Mathias, J.-D.,
Callois, J.-M., Vial, C., Michaud, P., & Dussap, C.-G. (2019). Wood-lignin: Supply, extraction
processes and use as bio-based material. European Polymer Journal, 112, 228–240. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.01.007.
Ugartondo, V., Mitjans, M., & Vinardell, M. P. (2008). Comparative antioxidant and cytotoxic
effects of lignins from different sources. Bioresource Technology, 99(14), 6683–6687. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.038.
Ugartondo, V., Mitjans, M., & Vinardell, M. P. (2009). Applicability of lignins from different sources as antioxidants based on the protective effects on lipid peroxidation induced by
oxygen radicals. Industrial Crops and Products, 30(2), 184–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
indcrop.2009.03.001.
Ukelis, U., Kramer, P. J., Olejniczak, K., & Mueller, S. O. (2008). Replacement of in vivo acute
oral toxicity studies by in vitro cytotoxicity methods: Opportunities, limits and regulatory
status. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 51(1), 108–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
yrtph.2008.02.002.
5 Lignin as a Natural Antioxidant: Property-Structure Relationship and Potential…