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Enteromorpha prolifera using acid catalysts. Energy Convers Manag 87:938–945
46. Yu G, Zhang Y, Guo B, Funk T, Schideman L (2014) Nutrient flows and quality of bio-crude oil
produced via catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of low-lipid microalgae. Bioenergy Res 7
(4):1317–1328
47. Reddy HK, Muppaneni T, Ponnusamy S, Sudasinghe N, Pegallapati A, Selvaratnam T,
Seger M, Dungan B, Nirmalakhandan N, Schaub T, Holguin FO (2016) Temperature effect
on hydrothermal liquefaction of Nannochloropsis gaditana and Chlorella sp. Appl Energy
165:943–951
48. Tian W, Liu R, Wang W, Yin Z, Yi X (2018) Effect of operating conditions on hydrothermal
liquefaction of Spirulina over Ni/TiO2 catalyst. Bioresour Technol 263:569–575
49. Vo TK, Kim SS, Ly HV, Lee EY, Lee CG, Kim J (2017) A general reaction network and kinetic
model of the hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae Tetraselmis sp. Bioresour Technol
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50. Deniz I, Vardar-Sukan F, Yüksel M, Saglam M, Ballice L, Yesil-Celiktas O (2015) Hydrogen
production from marine biomass by hydrothermal gasification. Energy Convers Manag
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51. Promdej C, Chuntanapum A, Matsumura Y (2010) Effect of temperature on tarry material
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52. Watanabe M, Sato T, Inomata H, Smith Jr RL, Arai Jr K, Kruse A, Dinjus E (2004) Chemical
reactions of C1 compounds in near-critical and supercritical water. Chem Rev 104
(12):5803–5822
53. Ying GAO, CHEN HP, Jun WANG, Tao SHI, Hai-Ping YANG, Xian-Hua WANG (2011)
Characterization of products from hydrothermal liquefaction and carbonation of biomass model
compounds and real biomass. J Fuel Chem Technol 39(12):893–900
54. Tremel A, Stemann J, Herrmann M, Erlach B, Spliethoff H (2012) Entrained flow gasification
of biocoal from hydrothermal carbonization. Fuel 102:396–403
55. Haarlemmer G, Guizani C, Anouti S, Déniel M, Roubaud A, Valin S (2016) Analysis and
comparison of biocrudes obtained by hydrothermal liquefaction and fast pyrolysis of beech
wood. Fuel 174:180–188
56. Zhang L, Wang Q, Wang B, Yang G, Lucia LA, Chen J (2015) Hydrothermal carbonization of
corncob residues for hydrochar production. Energy Fuel 29(2):872–876
57. Gan J, Yuan W (2013) Operating condition optimization of corncob hydrothermal conversion
for biocrude production. Appl Energy 103:350–357
58. Jena U, Das KC (2011) Comparative evaluation of thermochemical liquefaction and pyrolysis
for biocrude production from microalgae. Energy Fuel 25(11):5472–5482
59. Channiwala SA, Parikh PP (2002) A unified correlation for estimating HHV of solid, liquid and
gaseous fuels. Fuel 81(8):1051–1063
60. Jain A, Balasubramanian R, Srinivasan MP (2016) Hydrothermal conversion of biomass waste
to activated carbon with high porosity: a review. Chem Eng J 283:789–805
224
C. D. Venkatachalam et al.
45. Yang W, Li X, Liu S, Feng L (2014) Direct hydrothermal liquefaction of undried macroalgae
Enteromorpha prolifera using acid catalysts. Energy Convers Manag 87:938–945
46. Yu G, Zhang Y, Guo B, Funk T, Schideman L (2014) Nutrient flows and quality of bio-crude oil
produced via catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of low-lipid microalgae. Bioenergy Res 7
(4):1317–1328
47. Reddy HK, Muppaneni T, Ponnusamy S, Sudasinghe N, Pegallapati A, Selvaratnam T,
Seger M, Dungan B, Nirmalakhandan N, Schaub T, Holguin FO (2016) Temperature effect
on hydrothermal liquefaction of Nannochloropsis gaditana and Chlorella sp. Appl Energy
165:943–951
48. Tian W, Liu R, Wang W, Yin Z, Yi X (2018) Effect of operating conditions on hydrothermal
liquefaction of Spirulina over Ni/TiO2 catalyst. Bioresour Technol 263:569–575
49. Vo TK, Kim SS, Ly HV, Lee EY, Lee CG, Kim J (2017) A general reaction network and kinetic
model of the hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae Tetraselmis sp. Bioresour Technol
241:610–619
50. Deniz I, Vardar-Sukan F, Yüksel M, Saglam M, Ballice L, Yesil-Celiktas O (2015) Hydrogen
production from marine biomass by hydrothermal gasification. Energy Convers Manag
96:124–130
51. Promdej C, Chuntanapum A, Matsumura Y (2010) Effect of temperature on tarry material
production of glucose in supercritical water gasification. J Jpn Inst Energy 89(12):1179–1184
52. Watanabe M, Sato T, Inomata H, Smith Jr RL, Arai Jr K, Kruse A, Dinjus E (2004) Chemical
reactions of C1 compounds in near-critical and supercritical water. Chem Rev 104
(12):5803–5822
53. Ying GAO, CHEN HP, Jun WANG, Tao SHI, Hai-Ping YANG, Xian-Hua WANG (2011)
Characterization of products from hydrothermal liquefaction and carbonation of biomass model
compounds and real biomass. J Fuel Chem Technol 39(12):893–900
54. Tremel A, Stemann J, Herrmann M, Erlach B, Spliethoff H (2012) Entrained flow gasification
of biocoal from hydrothermal carbonization. Fuel 102:396–403
55. Haarlemmer G, Guizani C, Anouti S, Déniel M, Roubaud A, Valin S (2016) Analysis and
comparison of biocrudes obtained by hydrothermal liquefaction and fast pyrolysis of beech
wood. Fuel 174:180–188
56. Zhang L, Wang Q, Wang B, Yang G, Lucia LA, Chen J (2015) Hydrothermal carbonization of
corncob residues for hydrochar production. Energy Fuel 29(2):872–876
57. Gan J, Yuan W (2013) Operating condition optimization of corncob hydrothermal conversion
for biocrude production. Appl Energy 103:350–357
58. Jena U, Das KC (2011) Comparative evaluation of thermochemical liquefaction and pyrolysis
for biocrude production from microalgae. Energy Fuel 25(11):5472–5482
59. Channiwala SA, Parikh PP (2002) A unified correlation for estimating HHV of solid, liquid and
gaseous fuels. Fuel 81(8):1051–1063
60. Jain A, Balasubramanian R, Srinivasan MP (2016) Hydrothermal conversion of biomass waste
to activated carbon with high porosity: a review. Chem Eng J 283:789–805
224
C. D. Venkatachalam et al.