22. Chopra J, Mahesh D, Yerrayya A, Vinu R, Kumar R, Sen R (2019) Performance enhancement
of hydrothermal liquefaction for strategic and sustainable valorization of de-oiled yeast biomass
into green bio-crude. J Clean Prod 227:292–301
23. Haiduc AG, Brandenberger M, Suquet S, Vogel F, Bernier-Latmani R, Ludwig C (2009) Sun
CHem: an integrated process for the hydrothermal production of methane from microalgae and
CO 2 mitigation. J Appl Phycol 21(5):529–541
24. Paida VR, Brilman DWF, Kersten SRA (2019) Hydrothermal gasification of sorbitol: H2
optimisation at high carbon gasification efficiencies. Chem Eng J 358:351–361
25. Matsumura Y (2015) Hydrothermal gasification of biomass. In: Recent advances in thermochemical conversion of biomass. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 251–267
26. Yin S, Tan Z (2012) Hydrothermal liquefaction of cellulose to biocrude under acidic, neutral
and alkaline conditions. Appl Energy 92:234–239
27. Mok WSL, Antal Jr MJ (1992) Uncatalyzed solvolysis of whole biomass hemicellulose by hot
compressed liquid water. Ind Eng Chem Res 31(4):1157–1161
28. Sasaki M, Hayakawa T, Arai K, Adschiri T (2003) Measurement of the rate of retro-aldol
condensation of D-xylose in subcritical and supercritical water. In: Hydrothermal reactions and
techniques. World Scientific Publishing, Singapore, pp 169–176
29. Kanetake T, Sasaki M, Goto M (2007) Decomposition of a lignin model compound under
hydrothermal conditions. Chem Eng Technol 30(8):1113–1122
30. Zhang B, Huang HJ, Ramaswamy S (2007) Reaction kinetics of the hydrothermal treatment of
lignin. In: Biotechnology for fuels and chemicals. Humana Press, Clifton, pp 487–499
31. Takeuchi Y, Jin F, Tohji K, Enomoto H (2008) Acid catalytic hydrothermal conversion of
carbohydrate biomass into useful substances. J Mater Sci 43(7):2472–2475
32. Shi F, Wang P, Duan Y, Link D, Morreale B (2012) Recent developments in the production of
liquid fuels via catalytic conversion of microalgae: experiments and simulations. RSC Adv 2
(26):9727–9747
33. Tang S, Shi Z, Tang X, Yang X (2019) Hydrotreatment of biocrudes derived from hydrothermal
liquefaction and lipid extraction of the high-lipid Scenedesmus. Green Chem 21
(12):3413–3423
34. Tungal R, Shende RV (2014) Hydrothermal liquefaction of pinewood (Pinus ponderosa) for
H2, biocrude and biocrude generation. Appl Energy 134:401–412
35. Cengiz NÜ, Eren S, Sağlam M, Yüksel M, Ballice L (2016) Influence of temperature and
pressure on hydrogen and methane production in the hydrothermal gasification of wood
residues. J Supercrit Fluids 107:243–249
36. Cheng S, D’cruz I, Wang M, Leitch M, Xu C (2010) Highly efficient liquefaction of woody
biomass in hot-compressed alcohol À water co-solvents. Energy Fuel 24(9):4659–4667
37. de Caprariis B, Bavasso I, Bracciale MP, Damizia M, De Filippis P, Scarsella M (2019)
Enhanced bio-crude yield and quality by reductive hydrothermal liquefaction of oak wood
biomass: effect of iron addition. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 139:123–130
38. Alper K, Tekin K, Karagöz S (2019) Hydrothermal liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass
using potassium fluoride-doped alumina. Energy Fuel 33(4):3248–3256
39. Liu Y, Yao S, Wang Y, Lu H, Brar SK, Yang S (2017) Bio-and hydrochars from rice straw and
pig manure: inter-comparison. Bioresour Technol 235:332–337
40. Yuan XZ, Li H, Zeng GM, Tong JY, Xie W (2007) Sub-and supercritical liquefaction of rice
straw in the presence of ethanol–water and 2-propanol–water mixture. Energy 32
(11):2081–2088
41. Küçük MM, Ağırtaş S (1999) Liquefaction of Prangmites australis by supercritical gas extraction. Bioresour Technol 69(2):141–143
42. Khampuang K, Boreriboon N, Prasassarakich P (2015) Alkali catalyzed liquefaction of corncob
in supercritical ethanol–water. Biomass Bioenergy 83:460–466
43. Çağlar A, Demirbaş A (2001) Conversion of cotton cocoon shell to liquid products by
supercritical fluid extraction and low pressure pyrolysis in the presence of alkalis. Energy
Convers Manag 42(9):1095–1104
Hydrothermal Conversion of Biomass into Fuel and Fine Chemicals
223
of hydrothermal liquefaction for strategic and sustainable valorization of de-oiled yeast biomass
into green bio-crude. J Clean Prod 227:292–301
23. Haiduc AG, Brandenberger M, Suquet S, Vogel F, Bernier-Latmani R, Ludwig C (2009) Sun
CHem: an integrated process for the hydrothermal production of methane from microalgae and
CO 2 mitigation. J Appl Phycol 21(5):529–541
24. Paida VR, Brilman DWF, Kersten SRA (2019) Hydrothermal gasification of sorbitol: H2
optimisation at high carbon gasification efficiencies. Chem Eng J 358:351–361
25. Matsumura Y (2015) Hydrothermal gasification of biomass. In: Recent advances in thermochemical conversion of biomass. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 251–267
26. Yin S, Tan Z (2012) Hydrothermal liquefaction of cellulose to biocrude under acidic, neutral
and alkaline conditions. Appl Energy 92:234–239
27. Mok WSL, Antal Jr MJ (1992) Uncatalyzed solvolysis of whole biomass hemicellulose by hot
compressed liquid water. Ind Eng Chem Res 31(4):1157–1161
28. Sasaki M, Hayakawa T, Arai K, Adschiri T (2003) Measurement of the rate of retro-aldol
condensation of D-xylose in subcritical and supercritical water. In: Hydrothermal reactions and
techniques. World Scientific Publishing, Singapore, pp 169–176
29. Kanetake T, Sasaki M, Goto M (2007) Decomposition of a lignin model compound under
hydrothermal conditions. Chem Eng Technol 30(8):1113–1122
30. Zhang B, Huang HJ, Ramaswamy S (2007) Reaction kinetics of the hydrothermal treatment of
lignin. In: Biotechnology for fuels and chemicals. Humana Press, Clifton, pp 487–499
31. Takeuchi Y, Jin F, Tohji K, Enomoto H (2008) Acid catalytic hydrothermal conversion of
carbohydrate biomass into useful substances. J Mater Sci 43(7):2472–2475
32. Shi F, Wang P, Duan Y, Link D, Morreale B (2012) Recent developments in the production of
liquid fuels via catalytic conversion of microalgae: experiments and simulations. RSC Adv 2
(26):9727–9747
33. Tang S, Shi Z, Tang X, Yang X (2019) Hydrotreatment of biocrudes derived from hydrothermal
liquefaction and lipid extraction of the high-lipid Scenedesmus. Green Chem 21
(12):3413–3423
34. Tungal R, Shende RV (2014) Hydrothermal liquefaction of pinewood (Pinus ponderosa) for
H2, biocrude and biocrude generation. Appl Energy 134:401–412
35. Cengiz NÜ, Eren S, Sağlam M, Yüksel M, Ballice L (2016) Influence of temperature and
pressure on hydrogen and methane production in the hydrothermal gasification of wood
residues. J Supercrit Fluids 107:243–249
36. Cheng S, D’cruz I, Wang M, Leitch M, Xu C (2010) Highly efficient liquefaction of woody
biomass in hot-compressed alcohol À water co-solvents. Energy Fuel 24(9):4659–4667
37. de Caprariis B, Bavasso I, Bracciale MP, Damizia M, De Filippis P, Scarsella M (2019)
Enhanced bio-crude yield and quality by reductive hydrothermal liquefaction of oak wood
biomass: effect of iron addition. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 139:123–130
38. Alper K, Tekin K, Karagöz S (2019) Hydrothermal liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass
using potassium fluoride-doped alumina. Energy Fuel 33(4):3248–3256
39. Liu Y, Yao S, Wang Y, Lu H, Brar SK, Yang S (2017) Bio-and hydrochars from rice straw and
pig manure: inter-comparison. Bioresour Technol 235:332–337
40. Yuan XZ, Li H, Zeng GM, Tong JY, Xie W (2007) Sub-and supercritical liquefaction of rice
straw in the presence of ethanol–water and 2-propanol–water mixture. Energy 32
(11):2081–2088
41. Küçük MM, Ağırtaş S (1999) Liquefaction of Prangmites australis by supercritical gas extraction. Bioresour Technol 69(2):141–143
42. Khampuang K, Boreriboon N, Prasassarakich P (2015) Alkali catalyzed liquefaction of corncob
in supercritical ethanol–water. Biomass Bioenergy 83:460–466
43. Çağlar A, Demirbaş A (2001) Conversion of cotton cocoon shell to liquid products by
supercritical fluid extraction and low pressure pyrolysis in the presence of alkalis. Energy
Convers Manag 42(9):1095–1104
Hydrothermal Conversion of Biomass into Fuel and Fine Chemicals
223