47. Liu J, Zhu Y, Tao Y, Zhang Y, Li A, Li T, Sang M, Zhang C (2013) Freshwater microalgae
harvested via flocculation induced by pH decrease. Biotechnol Biofuels 6:98–105
48. Smith BT, Davis RH (2012) Sedimentation of algae flocculated using naturally-available,
magnesium-based flocculants. Algal Res 1:32–39
49. Vandamme D, Muylaert K, Fraeye I, Foubert I (2014) Floc characteristics of Chlorella vulgaris:
influence of flocculation mode and presence of organic matter. Bioresour Technol 151:383–387
50. Dassey AJ, Theegala CS (2013) Harvesting economics and strategies using centrifugation for
cost effective separation of microalgae cells for biodiesel applications. Bioresour Technol
128:241–245
51. Al Hattab M, Ghaly A, Hammoud A (2015) Microalgae harvesting methods for industrial
production of biodiesel: critical review and comparative analysis. J Fundam Renew Energy
Appl 5:100–154
52. Barros AI, Goncalves AL, Simoes M, Pires JCM (2015) Harvesting techniques applied to
microalgae: a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 41:1489–1500
53. Mo W, Soh L, Werber JR, Elimelech M, Zimmerman JB (2015) Application of membrane
dewatering for algal biofuel. Algal Res 11:1–12
54. Molina Grima E, Belarbi EH, Fernandez FG, Robles Medina A, Chisti Y (2003) Recovery of
microalgal biomass and metabolites: process options and economics. Biotechnol Adv
20:491–515
55. Craggs R, Sutherland D, Campbell H (2012) Hectare-scale demonstration of high rate algal
ponds for enhanced wastewater treatment and biofuel production. J Appl Phycol 24:329–337
56. Mata TM, Martins AA, Caetano NS (2010) Microalgae for biodiesel production and other
applications: a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 14:217–232
57. Concas A, Pisua M, Caoa G (2015) Micro algal cell disruption through Fenton reaction:
experiments, modeling and remarks on its effect on the extracted lipids composition. Chem
Eng Trans 43:367–372
58. Folch J, Lees M, Sloane Stanley GH (1957) A simple method for the isolation and purification
of total lipids from animal tissues. Biol Chem 226:497–509
59. Bligh EG, Dyer WJ (1959) A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Biochem
Physiol 8:911–917
60. Ramluckana K, Moodleya GK, Bux F (2014) An evaluation of the efficacy of using selected
solvents for the extraction of lipids from algal biomass by the soxhlet extraction method. Fuel
116:103–108
61. Boutekedjiret C, Vian MA, Chemat F (2014) Terpenes as green solvents for natural products
extraction. Alternative solvents for natural products extraction green chemistry and sustainable.
In: Green chemistry and sustainable technology. Springer, Berlin, pp 205–219
62. Carrapiso AI, Garcıa C (2000) Development in lipid analysis: some new extraction techniques
and in situ transesterification. Lipids 11:1167–1177
63. Heaton EA, Flavell RB, Mascia PN, Thomas SR, Dohleman FG, Long SP (2008) Herbaceous
energy crop development: recent progress and future prospects. Curr Opin Biotechnol
19:202–209
64. Kumar A, Singh JS (2017) Microalgae and cyanobacteria biofuels: a sustainable alternate to
crop-based fuels. In: Singh JS, Singh DP (eds) Microbes and environmental management.
Studium Press, New Delhi, pp 1–20
65. Kumar A, Kaushal S, Saraf SA, Singh JS (2018) Microbial bio-fuels: a solution to carbon
emissions and energy crisis. Front Biosciences (Landmark) 23:1789–1802
66. Barry AN, Starkenburg SR, Sayre RT (2015) Strategies for optimizing algal biology for
enhanced biomass production. Front Energy Res 3:1–9
67. Lyon SR, Ahmadzadeh H, Murry MA (2015) Biomass and biofuels from microalgae, vol
2. Springer, Berlin, pp 95–115. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16640-7_695
68. Muylaert K, Beuckels A, Depraetere O (2015) Biomass and biofuels from microalgae, vol
2. Springer, Cham, pp 75–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16640-7
Algal Biomass for Biofuels and Bioproducts
159
harvested via flocculation induced by pH decrease. Biotechnol Biofuels 6:98–105
48. Smith BT, Davis RH (2012) Sedimentation of algae flocculated using naturally-available,
magnesium-based flocculants. Algal Res 1:32–39
49. Vandamme D, Muylaert K, Fraeye I, Foubert I (2014) Floc characteristics of Chlorella vulgaris:
influence of flocculation mode and presence of organic matter. Bioresour Technol 151:383–387
50. Dassey AJ, Theegala CS (2013) Harvesting economics and strategies using centrifugation for
cost effective separation of microalgae cells for biodiesel applications. Bioresour Technol
128:241–245
51. Al Hattab M, Ghaly A, Hammoud A (2015) Microalgae harvesting methods for industrial
production of biodiesel: critical review and comparative analysis. J Fundam Renew Energy
Appl 5:100–154
52. Barros AI, Goncalves AL, Simoes M, Pires JCM (2015) Harvesting techniques applied to
microalgae: a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 41:1489–1500
53. Mo W, Soh L, Werber JR, Elimelech M, Zimmerman JB (2015) Application of membrane
dewatering for algal biofuel. Algal Res 11:1–12
54. Molina Grima E, Belarbi EH, Fernandez FG, Robles Medina A, Chisti Y (2003) Recovery of
microalgal biomass and metabolites: process options and economics. Biotechnol Adv
20:491–515
55. Craggs R, Sutherland D, Campbell H (2012) Hectare-scale demonstration of high rate algal
ponds for enhanced wastewater treatment and biofuel production. J Appl Phycol 24:329–337
56. Mata TM, Martins AA, Caetano NS (2010) Microalgae for biodiesel production and other
applications: a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 14:217–232
57. Concas A, Pisua M, Caoa G (2015) Micro algal cell disruption through Fenton reaction:
experiments, modeling and remarks on its effect on the extracted lipids composition. Chem
Eng Trans 43:367–372
58. Folch J, Lees M, Sloane Stanley GH (1957) A simple method for the isolation and purification
of total lipids from animal tissues. Biol Chem 226:497–509
59. Bligh EG, Dyer WJ (1959) A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Biochem
Physiol 8:911–917
60. Ramluckana K, Moodleya GK, Bux F (2014) An evaluation of the efficacy of using selected
solvents for the extraction of lipids from algal biomass by the soxhlet extraction method. Fuel
116:103–108
61. Boutekedjiret C, Vian MA, Chemat F (2014) Terpenes as green solvents for natural products
extraction. Alternative solvents for natural products extraction green chemistry and sustainable.
In: Green chemistry and sustainable technology. Springer, Berlin, pp 205–219
62. Carrapiso AI, Garcıa C (2000) Development in lipid analysis: some new extraction techniques
and in situ transesterification. Lipids 11:1167–1177
63. Heaton EA, Flavell RB, Mascia PN, Thomas SR, Dohleman FG, Long SP (2008) Herbaceous
energy crop development: recent progress and future prospects. Curr Opin Biotechnol
19:202–209
64. Kumar A, Singh JS (2017) Microalgae and cyanobacteria biofuels: a sustainable alternate to
crop-based fuels. In: Singh JS, Singh DP (eds) Microbes and environmental management.
Studium Press, New Delhi, pp 1–20
65. Kumar A, Kaushal S, Saraf SA, Singh JS (2018) Microbial bio-fuels: a solution to carbon
emissions and energy crisis. Front Biosciences (Landmark) 23:1789–1802
66. Barry AN, Starkenburg SR, Sayre RT (2015) Strategies for optimizing algal biology for
enhanced biomass production. Front Energy Res 3:1–9
67. Lyon SR, Ahmadzadeh H, Murry MA (2015) Biomass and biofuels from microalgae, vol
2. Springer, Berlin, pp 95–115. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16640-7_695
68. Muylaert K, Beuckels A, Depraetere O (2015) Biomass and biofuels from microalgae, vol
2. Springer, Cham, pp 75–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16640-7
Algal Biomass for Biofuels and Bioproducts
159