Geldenhuys CJ, Cawe SG (2011) Matching resource use needs with resource status and population
dynamics of target species in Transkei coastal forests to sustain resource use, Port St Johns
Forest Estate, South Africa. In: Geldenhuys CJ, Ham C, Ham H (eds) Sustainable forest
management in Africa: some solutions to natural forest management in Africa. Proceedings of
the Sustainable Forest Management in Africa Symposium, Stellenbosch, 3–7 November 2008,
Department of Forest and Wood Science, Stellenbosch University, pp 264–278
Goodall J, Braack M, de Klerk J et al (2010) Study on the early effects of several weed-control
methods on Parthenium hysterophorus L. Afr J Range For Sci 27:95–99
Gwate O, Mantel SK, Finca A et al (2016) Exploring the invasion of rangelands by Acacia mearnsii
(black wattle): biophysical characteristics and management implications. Afr J Range For Sci
33:265–273
Henderson L (2001) Alien invasive weeds and invasive plants. Plant Protection Research Institute
Handbook No. 12, Agricultural Research Council, Department of Agriculture, Pretoria
Henderson L, Wilson JRU (2017) Changes in the composition and distribution of alien plants in
South Africa: an update from the Southern African Plant Invaders Atlas. Bothalia 47(2):a2172
Hill MP, Moran VC, Hoffmann JH et al (2020) More than a century of biological control against
invasive alien plants in South Africa: a synoptic view of what has been accomplished. In: van
Wilgen BW, Measey J, Richardson DM et al (eds) Biological invasions in South Africa.
Springer, Berlin, pp 549–568. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_19
Hobbs RJ, Huenneke LF (1992) Disturbance, diversity, and invasion: implications for conservation.
Conserv Biol 6:324–337. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1992.06030324.x
Hoffman MT, Cowling RM (1990) Desertification in the Lower Sundays River Valley,
South Africa. J Arid Environ 19:105–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-1963(18)30834-6
Huffman TN (2007) Handbook to the Iron Age. University of KwaZulu-Natal Press,
Pietermaritzburg
Hui C, Richardson DM (2017) Invasion dynamics. Oxford University Press, Oxford. https://doi.
org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198745334.001.0001
Iponga DM, Milton SJ, Richardson DM (2009) Soil type, microsite, and herbivory influence growth
and survival of Schinus molle (Peruvian pepper tree) invading semi-arid African savanna. Biol
Invasions 11:159–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-008-9221-6
Klein H (2011) A catalogue of the insects, mites and pathogens that have been used or rejected, or
are under consideration, for the biological control of invasive alien plants in South Africa. Afr
Entomol 19:515–549. https://doi.org/10.4001/003.019.0214
Meissner HH, Scholtz MM, Palmer AR (2013) Sustainability of the South African livestock sector
towards 2050 Part I: worth and impact of the sector. S Afr J Anim Sci 43:282–297. https://doi.
org/10.4314/sajas.v43i3.5
Milton SJ, Dean WRJ (2010) Plant invasions in arid areas: special problems and solutions: a
South African perspective. Biol Invasions 12:3935–3948. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-0109820-x
Moore JM, Picker MD (1991) Heuweltjies (earth mounds) in the Clanwilliam district, Cape
Province, South Africa: 4000-year-old termite nests. Oecologia 86:424–432. https://doi.org/
10.1007/BF00317612
Mucina L, Rutherford MC (eds) (2006) The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland.
Strelitzia 19. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria
Ndhlovu T, Milton-Dean SJ, Esler KJ (2011) Impact of Prosopis (mesquite) invasion and clearing
on the grazing capacity of semiarid Nama Karoo rangeland, South Africa. Afr J Range For Sci
28:129–137. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2011.642095
Ndhlovu T, Milton SJ, Esler KJ (2016) Effect of Prosopis (mesquite) invasion and clearing on
vegetation cover in semi-arid Nama Karoo rangeland, South Africa. Afr J Range For Sci
33:11–19. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2015.1036460
O’Connor TG (2005) Influence of land use on plant community composition and diversity in
Highland Sourveld grassland in the southern Drakensberg, South Africa. J Appl Ecol
42:975–988. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01065.x
484
T. G. O’Connor and B. W. van Wilgen
dynamics of target species in Transkei coastal forests to sustain resource use, Port St Johns
Forest Estate, South Africa. In: Geldenhuys CJ, Ham C, Ham H (eds) Sustainable forest
management in Africa: some solutions to natural forest management in Africa. Proceedings of
the Sustainable Forest Management in Africa Symposium, Stellenbosch, 3–7 November 2008,
Department of Forest and Wood Science, Stellenbosch University, pp 264–278
Goodall J, Braack M, de Klerk J et al (2010) Study on the early effects of several weed-control
methods on Parthenium hysterophorus L. Afr J Range For Sci 27:95–99
Gwate O, Mantel SK, Finca A et al (2016) Exploring the invasion of rangelands by Acacia mearnsii
(black wattle): biophysical characteristics and management implications. Afr J Range For Sci
33:265–273
Henderson L (2001) Alien invasive weeds and invasive plants. Plant Protection Research Institute
Handbook No. 12, Agricultural Research Council, Department of Agriculture, Pretoria
Henderson L, Wilson JRU (2017) Changes in the composition and distribution of alien plants in
South Africa: an update from the Southern African Plant Invaders Atlas. Bothalia 47(2):a2172
Hill MP, Moran VC, Hoffmann JH et al (2020) More than a century of biological control against
invasive alien plants in South Africa: a synoptic view of what has been accomplished. In: van
Wilgen BW, Measey J, Richardson DM et al (eds) Biological invasions in South Africa.
Springer, Berlin, pp 549–568. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_19
Hobbs RJ, Huenneke LF (1992) Disturbance, diversity, and invasion: implications for conservation.
Conserv Biol 6:324–337. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1992.06030324.x
Hoffman MT, Cowling RM (1990) Desertification in the Lower Sundays River Valley,
South Africa. J Arid Environ 19:105–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-1963(18)30834-6
Huffman TN (2007) Handbook to the Iron Age. University of KwaZulu-Natal Press,
Pietermaritzburg
Hui C, Richardson DM (2017) Invasion dynamics. Oxford University Press, Oxford. https://doi.
org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198745334.001.0001
Iponga DM, Milton SJ, Richardson DM (2009) Soil type, microsite, and herbivory influence growth
and survival of Schinus molle (Peruvian pepper tree) invading semi-arid African savanna. Biol
Invasions 11:159–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-008-9221-6
Klein H (2011) A catalogue of the insects, mites and pathogens that have been used or rejected, or
are under consideration, for the biological control of invasive alien plants in South Africa. Afr
Entomol 19:515–549. https://doi.org/10.4001/003.019.0214
Meissner HH, Scholtz MM, Palmer AR (2013) Sustainability of the South African livestock sector
towards 2050 Part I: worth and impact of the sector. S Afr J Anim Sci 43:282–297. https://doi.
org/10.4314/sajas.v43i3.5
Milton SJ, Dean WRJ (2010) Plant invasions in arid areas: special problems and solutions: a
South African perspective. Biol Invasions 12:3935–3948. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-0109820-x
Moore JM, Picker MD (1991) Heuweltjies (earth mounds) in the Clanwilliam district, Cape
Province, South Africa: 4000-year-old termite nests. Oecologia 86:424–432. https://doi.org/
10.1007/BF00317612
Mucina L, Rutherford MC (eds) (2006) The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland.
Strelitzia 19. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria
Ndhlovu T, Milton-Dean SJ, Esler KJ (2011) Impact of Prosopis (mesquite) invasion and clearing
on the grazing capacity of semiarid Nama Karoo rangeland, South Africa. Afr J Range For Sci
28:129–137. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2011.642095
Ndhlovu T, Milton SJ, Esler KJ (2016) Effect of Prosopis (mesquite) invasion and clearing on
vegetation cover in semi-arid Nama Karoo rangeland, South Africa. Afr J Range For Sci
33:11–19. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2015.1036460
O’Connor TG (2005) Influence of land use on plant community composition and diversity in
Highland Sourveld grassland in the southern Drakensberg, South Africa. J Appl Ecol
42:975–988. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01065.x
484
T. G. O’Connor and B. W. van Wilgen