Graham RD (1980) The distribution of copper and soluble carbohydrates in wheat plants grown at
high and low-levels of copper supply. Z Pflanzenernahrung Bodenkunde 143:161–169. https://
doi.org/10.1002/jpln.19801430205
Greve M, von der Meden CEO, Janion-Scheepers C (2020) Biological invasions in South Africa’s
offshore sub-Antarctic territories. In: van Wilgen BW, Measey J, Richardson DM, Wilson JR,
Zengeya TA (eds) Biological invasions in South Africa. Springer, Berlin, pp 205–226. https://doi.
org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_8
Guthrie G (2007) Impacts of the invasive reed Arundo donax on biodiversity at the communityecosystem level. University of the Western Cape, Cape Town
Harding GB, Bate GC (1991) The occurrence of invasive Prosopis species in the north-western
Cape, South Africa. S Afr J Sci 87:188–192
Hartmann J, Moosdorf N (2012) The new global lithological map database GLiM: a representation
of rock properties at the Earth surface. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 13:Q12004. https://doi.org/
10.1029/2012gc004370
Higgins SI, Richardson DM, Cowling RM, Trinder-Smith TH (1999) Predicting the landscapescale distribution of alien plants and their threat to plant diversity. Conserv Biol 13:303–313.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.013002303.x
Hoffman MT, Sonnenberg D, Hurford JL, Jagger BW (1995) The ecology and management of
Riemvasmaak’s natural resources. National Botanical Institute, Claremont
Holmes PM, Rebelo AG, Irlich UM (2018) Invasive potential and management of naturalised
ornamentals across an urban environmental gradient with a focus on Centranthus ruber.
Bothalia 48:a2345. https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v48i1.2345
Holmes PM et al (2020) Biological invasions and ecological restoration in South Africa. In: van
Wilgen BW, Measey J, Richardson DM, Wilson JR, Zengeya TA (eds) Biological invasions in
South Africa. Springer, Berlin, pp 661–696. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_23
Hopper SD (2009) OCBIL theory: towards an integrated understanding of the evolution, ecology
and conservation of biodiversity on old, climatically buffered, infertile landscapes. Plant Soil
322:49–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0068-0
Iponga DM, Milton SJ, Richardson DM (2008) Superiority in competition for light: a crucial
attribute defining the impact of the invasive alien tree Schinus molle (Anacardiaceae) in
South African savanna. J Arid Environ 72:612–623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.
10.001
Iponga DM, Milton SJ, Richardson DM (2009) Soil type, microsite, and herbivory influence growth
and survival of Schinus molle (Peruvian pepper tree) invading semi-arid African savanna. Biol
Invasions 11:159–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-008-9221-6
Janion-Scheepers C, Griffiths CL (2020) Alien terrestrial invertebrates in South Africa. In: van
Wilgen BW, Measey J, Richardson DM, Wilson JR, Zengeya TA (eds) Biological invasions in
South Africa. Springer, Berlin, pp 183–204. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_7
Janion-Scheepers C et al (2016) Soil biota in a megadiverse country: current knowledge and future
research directions in South Africa. Pedobiologia 59:129–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.
2016.03.004
Jeschke J, Heger T (eds) (2018) Invasion Biology: Hypotheses and Evidence. CABI invasives
series. CABI, Wallingford
Kalwij JM, Milton SJ, McGeoch MA (2008) Road verges as invasion corridors? A spatial
hierarchical test in an arid ecosystem. Landsc Ecol 23:439–451. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s10980-008-9201-3
Kalwij JM, Robertson MP, van Rensburg BJ (2015) Annual monitoring reveals rapid upward
movement of exotic plants in a montane ecosystem. Biol Invasions 17:3517–3529. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s10530-015-0975-3
Kaplan H, van Niekerk A, Le Roux JJ, Richardson DM, Wilson JRU (2014) Incorporating risk
mapping at multiple spatial scales into eradication management plans. Biol Invasions
16:691–703. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-013-0611-z
380
J. R. Wilson et al.
high and low-levels of copper supply. Z Pflanzenernahrung Bodenkunde 143:161–169. https://
doi.org/10.1002/jpln.19801430205
Greve M, von der Meden CEO, Janion-Scheepers C (2020) Biological invasions in South Africa’s
offshore sub-Antarctic territories. In: van Wilgen BW, Measey J, Richardson DM, Wilson JR,
Zengeya TA (eds) Biological invasions in South Africa. Springer, Berlin, pp 205–226. https://doi.
org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_8
Guthrie G (2007) Impacts of the invasive reed Arundo donax on biodiversity at the communityecosystem level. University of the Western Cape, Cape Town
Harding GB, Bate GC (1991) The occurrence of invasive Prosopis species in the north-western
Cape, South Africa. S Afr J Sci 87:188–192
Hartmann J, Moosdorf N (2012) The new global lithological map database GLiM: a representation
of rock properties at the Earth surface. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 13:Q12004. https://doi.org/
10.1029/2012gc004370
Higgins SI, Richardson DM, Cowling RM, Trinder-Smith TH (1999) Predicting the landscapescale distribution of alien plants and their threat to plant diversity. Conserv Biol 13:303–313.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.013002303.x
Hoffman MT, Sonnenberg D, Hurford JL, Jagger BW (1995) The ecology and management of
Riemvasmaak’s natural resources. National Botanical Institute, Claremont
Holmes PM, Rebelo AG, Irlich UM (2018) Invasive potential and management of naturalised
ornamentals across an urban environmental gradient with a focus on Centranthus ruber.
Bothalia 48:a2345. https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v48i1.2345
Holmes PM et al (2020) Biological invasions and ecological restoration in South Africa. In: van
Wilgen BW, Measey J, Richardson DM, Wilson JR, Zengeya TA (eds) Biological invasions in
South Africa. Springer, Berlin, pp 661–696. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_23
Hopper SD (2009) OCBIL theory: towards an integrated understanding of the evolution, ecology
and conservation of biodiversity on old, climatically buffered, infertile landscapes. Plant Soil
322:49–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0068-0
Iponga DM, Milton SJ, Richardson DM (2008) Superiority in competition for light: a crucial
attribute defining the impact of the invasive alien tree Schinus molle (Anacardiaceae) in
South African savanna. J Arid Environ 72:612–623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.
10.001
Iponga DM, Milton SJ, Richardson DM (2009) Soil type, microsite, and herbivory influence growth
and survival of Schinus molle (Peruvian pepper tree) invading semi-arid African savanna. Biol
Invasions 11:159–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-008-9221-6
Janion-Scheepers C, Griffiths CL (2020) Alien terrestrial invertebrates in South Africa. In: van
Wilgen BW, Measey J, Richardson DM, Wilson JR, Zengeya TA (eds) Biological invasions in
South Africa. Springer, Berlin, pp 183–204. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_7
Janion-Scheepers C et al (2016) Soil biota in a megadiverse country: current knowledge and future
research directions in South Africa. Pedobiologia 59:129–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.
2016.03.004
Jeschke J, Heger T (eds) (2018) Invasion Biology: Hypotheses and Evidence. CABI invasives
series. CABI, Wallingford
Kalwij JM, Milton SJ, McGeoch MA (2008) Road verges as invasion corridors? A spatial
hierarchical test in an arid ecosystem. Landsc Ecol 23:439–451. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s10980-008-9201-3
Kalwij JM, Robertson MP, van Rensburg BJ (2015) Annual monitoring reveals rapid upward
movement of exotic plants in a montane ecosystem. Biol Invasions 17:3517–3529. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s10530-015-0975-3
Kaplan H, van Niekerk A, Le Roux JJ, Richardson DM, Wilson JRU (2014) Incorporating risk
mapping at multiple spatial scales into eradication management plans. Biol Invasions
16:691–703. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-013-0611-z
380
J. R. Wilson et al.