IMO (2004) International convention for the control and management of ships’ ballast water and
Convention-for-the-Control-and-Management-of-Ships%27-Ballast-Water-and-Sediments(BWM).aspx. Accessed 7 Feb 2019
IMO (2017) Global treaty to halt invasive aquatic species enters into force. In: Press briefings. http://
www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/Pages/21-BWM-EIF.aspx. Accessed 7 Sept 2018
International Monetary Fund (2016) World economic outlook database, October 2016. https://
www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/02/weodata/index.aspx. Accessed 22 Mar 2017
International Plant Protection Convention (2016) First detection of Raoiella indica in South Africa.
https://www.ippc.int/en/countries/south-africa/pestreports/2016/09/first-detection-of-raoiellaindica/. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
International Plant Protection Convention (2018) Detection of Euwallacea fornicatus (Shot hole
borer) in South Africa. https://www.ippc.int/en/countries/south-africa/pestreports/2018/03/
detection-of-euwallacea-fornicatus-shot-hole-borer-in-south-africa/. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
Janion-Scheepers C, Griffiths CL (2020) Alien terrestrial invertebrates in South Africa. In: van
Wilgen BW, Measey J, Richardson DM, Wilson JR, Zengeya TA (eds) Biological invasions in
South Africa. Springer, Berlin, pp 183–204. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_7
Karsten MC (1951) The old company’s garden at the Cape & its superintendents. Maskew Miller,
Cape Town
Katsanevakis S, Zenetos A, Belchior C, Cardoso AC (2013) Invading European seas: assessing
pathways of introduction of marine aliens. Ocean Coast Manage 76:64–74. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.02.024
Klein H (2011) A catalogue of the insects, mites and pathogens that have been used or rejected, or
are under consideration, for the biological control of invasive alien plants in South Africa. Afr
Entomol 19:515–549. https://doi.org/10.4001/003.019.0214
Klein H, Hill MP, Zachariades C et al (2011) Regulation and risk assessment for importations and
releases of biological control agents against invasive alien plants in South Africa. Afr Entomol
19:488–497. https://doi.org/10.4001/003.019.0215
Kraus F (2007) Using pathway analysis to inform prevention strategies for alien reptiles and
amphibians. Manage Vertebr Invasive Species 21:94–103
Lambdon PW, Lloret F, Hulme PE (2008) How do introduction characteristics influence the
invasion success of Mediterranean alien plants? Perspect Plant Ecol Evol Syst 10:143–159
Leung B, Lodge DM, Finnoff D et al (2002) An ounce of prevention or a pound of cure:
bioeconomic risk analysis of invasive species. Proc R Soc Lond B 269:2407–2413. https://
doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2002.2179
Lever C (2005) Naturalised birds of the world. T & A D Poyser, London
Lockwood JL, Cassey P, Blackburn TM (2005) The role of propagule pressure in explaining species
invasions. Trends Ecol Evol 20:223–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2005.02.004
Lockwood JL, Cassey P, Blackburn TM (2009) The more you introduce the more you get: the role
of colonization pressure and propagule pressure in invasion ecology. Divers Distrib
15:904–910. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00594.x
Manrakhan A, Venter JH, Hattingh V (2015) The progressive invasion of Bactrocera dorsalis
(Diptera: Tephritidae) in South Africa. Biol Invasion 17:2803–2809. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s10530-015-0923-2
Martin GD, Coetzee JA (2011) Pet stores, aquarists and the internet trade as modes of introduction
and spread of invasive macrophytes in South Africa. Water SA 37:371–380. https://doi.org/10.
4314/wsa.v37i3.68488
McGeoch MA, Spear D, Kleynhans EJ, Marais E (2012) Uncertainty in invasive alien species
listing. Ecol Appl 22:959–971. https://doi.org/10.1890/11-1252.1
Mead A, Carlton JT, Griffiths CL et al (2011) Introduced and cryptogenic marine and estuarine
species of South Africa. J Nat Hist 45:2463–2524. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2011.
595836
350
K. T. Faulkner et al.
Convention-for-the-Control-and-Management-of-Ships%27-Ballast-Water-and-Sediments(BWM).aspx. Accessed 7 Feb 2019
IMO (2017) Global treaty to halt invasive aquatic species enters into force. In: Press briefings. http://
www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/Pages/21-BWM-EIF.aspx. Accessed 7 Sept 2018
International Monetary Fund (2016) World economic outlook database, October 2016. https://
www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/02/weodata/index.aspx. Accessed 22 Mar 2017
International Plant Protection Convention (2016) First detection of Raoiella indica in South Africa.
https://www.ippc.int/en/countries/south-africa/pestreports/2016/09/first-detection-of-raoiellaindica/. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
International Plant Protection Convention (2018) Detection of Euwallacea fornicatus (Shot hole
borer) in South Africa. https://www.ippc.int/en/countries/south-africa/pestreports/2018/03/
detection-of-euwallacea-fornicatus-shot-hole-borer-in-south-africa/. Accessed 15 Aug 2018
Janion-Scheepers C, Griffiths CL (2020) Alien terrestrial invertebrates in South Africa. In: van
Wilgen BW, Measey J, Richardson DM, Wilson JR, Zengeya TA (eds) Biological invasions in
South Africa. Springer, Berlin, pp 183–204. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_7
Karsten MC (1951) The old company’s garden at the Cape & its superintendents. Maskew Miller,
Cape Town
Katsanevakis S, Zenetos A, Belchior C, Cardoso AC (2013) Invading European seas: assessing
pathways of introduction of marine aliens. Ocean Coast Manage 76:64–74. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.02.024
Klein H (2011) A catalogue of the insects, mites and pathogens that have been used or rejected, or
are under consideration, for the biological control of invasive alien plants in South Africa. Afr
Entomol 19:515–549. https://doi.org/10.4001/003.019.0214
Klein H, Hill MP, Zachariades C et al (2011) Regulation and risk assessment for importations and
releases of biological control agents against invasive alien plants in South Africa. Afr Entomol
19:488–497. https://doi.org/10.4001/003.019.0215
Kraus F (2007) Using pathway analysis to inform prevention strategies for alien reptiles and
amphibians. Manage Vertebr Invasive Species 21:94–103
Lambdon PW, Lloret F, Hulme PE (2008) How do introduction characteristics influence the
invasion success of Mediterranean alien plants? Perspect Plant Ecol Evol Syst 10:143–159
Leung B, Lodge DM, Finnoff D et al (2002) An ounce of prevention or a pound of cure:
bioeconomic risk analysis of invasive species. Proc R Soc Lond B 269:2407–2413. https://
doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2002.2179
Lever C (2005) Naturalised birds of the world. T & A D Poyser, London
Lockwood JL, Cassey P, Blackburn TM (2005) The role of propagule pressure in explaining species
invasions. Trends Ecol Evol 20:223–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2005.02.004
Lockwood JL, Cassey P, Blackburn TM (2009) The more you introduce the more you get: the role
of colonization pressure and propagule pressure in invasion ecology. Divers Distrib
15:904–910. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00594.x
Manrakhan A, Venter JH, Hattingh V (2015) The progressive invasion of Bactrocera dorsalis
(Diptera: Tephritidae) in South Africa. Biol Invasion 17:2803–2809. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s10530-015-0923-2
Martin GD, Coetzee JA (2011) Pet stores, aquarists and the internet trade as modes of introduction
and spread of invasive macrophytes in South Africa. Water SA 37:371–380. https://doi.org/10.
4314/wsa.v37i3.68488
McGeoch MA, Spear D, Kleynhans EJ, Marais E (2012) Uncertainty in invasive alien species
listing. Ecol Appl 22:959–971. https://doi.org/10.1890/11-1252.1
Mead A, Carlton JT, Griffiths CL et al (2011) Introduced and cryptogenic marine and estuarine
species of South Africa. J Nat Hist 45:2463–2524. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2011.
595836
350
K. T. Faulkner et al.