Penicillium chrysogenum EN-118, an endophyte obtained from the marine alga
Sargassum palladium collected from Fujian Province [174].
Cultivation in liquid MPY medium of Aspergillus niger SCSIO Jcsw6F30,
obtained from the marine alga Sargassum sp. collected in Yongxing Island, South
China Sea, yielded two 2-benzylpyridin-4-one containing metabolites, aspernigrins
C and D (560 and 561) (Fig. 33). Aspernigrin C (560) showed anti-HIV-1 activity
with an IC 50 value of 4.7 μM [175]. From the gut of the white croaker Argyrosomus
argentatus collected from the Yellow Sea near Lvsi Port, the fungus Curvularia
sp. IFB-Z10 was obtained. Fermentation of this fungus in modified Czapek’s
medium yielded a hitherto unprecedented alkaloid, curvulamine (562). Curvulamine
(562) exhibited strong antibacterial activities against patient-derived pathogens
Veillonella parvula, Streptococcus sp., Bacteroides vulgatus, and
Peptostreptococcus sp. with MIC values of 0.37 μM for each microbe and were
more potent than the positive control tinidazole [176]. When grown in liquid GPY
medium, the fungal strain Dichotomomyces cejpii F31-1, as obtained from the soft
coral Lobophytum crissum collected from Hainan Sanya National Coral Reef
Reserve, yielded four amides, dichotomocejs AÀD (563–566). Dichotomocej A
(563) showed moderate cytotoxicity against the RD human rhabdomyosarcoma
cell line with an IC 50 value of 39.1 μM [51].
The fungal strain Aspergillus sp. SCSGAF0093 was obtained from the gorgonian
Melitodes squamata collected from the South China Sea near Sanya City, Hainan
N
H
O
OH
563 (dichotomocej A)
OH
O
N
N
562 (curvulamine)
N
O
O
O
O
O
NH
O
OR
O
560 R = H (aspernigrin C)
561 R = Me (aspernigrin D)
N
H
O
OH
564 (dichotomocej B)
N
H
O
O
565 (dichotomocej C)
O
N
H
O
O
566 (dichotomocej D)
O
NH
N
N
O
O
Al 3+
567 (aluminiumneoaspergillin)
N
H
O
569 (aspergilliamide)
H
N
N
O
O
O
OH
570 (sclerotiorumin C)
H
N
O
571
O
3
N
N
O
O
Zr 4+
568 (zirconiumneoaspergillin)
4
O
N
OH
N
N
O
O
Al 3+
572 (aluminiumneohydroxyaspergillin)
3
OH
N
N
O
O
Fe 3+
573 (ferrineohydroxyaspergillin)
3
OH
Fig. 33 Structures of other alkaloids (part 2)
Secondary Metabolites from Marine-Derived Fungi from China
133
Sargassum palladium collected from Fujian Province [174].
Cultivation in liquid MPY medium of Aspergillus niger SCSIO Jcsw6F30,
obtained from the marine alga Sargassum sp. collected in Yongxing Island, South
China Sea, yielded two 2-benzylpyridin-4-one containing metabolites, aspernigrins
C and D (560 and 561) (Fig. 33). Aspernigrin C (560) showed anti-HIV-1 activity
with an IC 50 value of 4.7 μM [175]. From the gut of the white croaker Argyrosomus
argentatus collected from the Yellow Sea near Lvsi Port, the fungus Curvularia
sp. IFB-Z10 was obtained. Fermentation of this fungus in modified Czapek’s
medium yielded a hitherto unprecedented alkaloid, curvulamine (562). Curvulamine
(562) exhibited strong antibacterial activities against patient-derived pathogens
Veillonella parvula, Streptococcus sp., Bacteroides vulgatus, and
Peptostreptococcus sp. with MIC values of 0.37 μM for each microbe and were
more potent than the positive control tinidazole [176]. When grown in liquid GPY
medium, the fungal strain Dichotomomyces cejpii F31-1, as obtained from the soft
coral Lobophytum crissum collected from Hainan Sanya National Coral Reef
Reserve, yielded four amides, dichotomocejs AÀD (563–566). Dichotomocej A
(563) showed moderate cytotoxicity against the RD human rhabdomyosarcoma
cell line with an IC 50 value of 39.1 μM [51].
The fungal strain Aspergillus sp. SCSGAF0093 was obtained from the gorgonian
Melitodes squamata collected from the South China Sea near Sanya City, Hainan
N
H
O
OH
563 (dichotomocej A)
OH
O
N
N
562 (curvulamine)
N
O
O
O
O
O
NH
O
OR
O
560 R = H (aspernigrin C)
561 R = Me (aspernigrin D)
N
H
O
OH
564 (dichotomocej B)
N
H
O
O
565 (dichotomocej C)
O
N
H
O
O
566 (dichotomocej D)
O
NH
N
N
O
O
Al 3+
567 (aluminiumneoaspergillin)
N
H
O
569 (aspergilliamide)
H
N
N
O
O
O
OH
570 (sclerotiorumin C)
H
N
O
571
O
3
N
N
O
O
Zr 4+
568 (zirconiumneoaspergillin)
4
O
N
OH
N
N
O
O
Al 3+
572 (aluminiumneohydroxyaspergillin)
3
OH
N
N
O
O
Fe 3+
573 (ferrineohydroxyaspergillin)
3
OH
Fig. 33 Structures of other alkaloids (part 2)
Secondary Metabolites from Marine-Derived Fungi from China
133