seashore at Wenzhou. Two eudesmane-type sesquiterpenes (315 and 316) were
isolated from the mycelia of this fungus following addition of 50 μM CuCl 2 to the
liquid medium composed of sucrose, yeast extract, silkworm chrysalis, and seawater.
The compounds showed tyrosinase inhibitory activity with IC 50 values of 14.8 and
22.3 μM, respectively, comparable to the positive control kojic acid (IC 50 21.2 μM)
[96]. The fungal strain Aspergillus versicolor dl29 was isolated from the marine
green alga Codium fragile, which was collected off the coast of Dalian. Fermentation
of this fungus in liquid potato dextrose broth medium yielded the sesquiterpene
albican-1,14-diol (317). Albican-1,14-diol (317) exhibited antibacterial activity
against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus at a concentration of 30 μg/
disk with inhibitory diameters of 7 and 10 mm, respectively [97]. Two sesquiterpenes diastereomers, (6-strobilactone-B) esters of (E,E)-6,7-epoxy-2,4-octadienoic
acids (318 and 319), were produced in liquid PDB medium by Aspergillus ustus
cf-42, which was isolated from the marine green alga Codium fragile collected from
Zhoushan Island [86]. Two adinane sesquiterpenes, hypocreaterpenes A and B (320
and 321), were obtained from the liquid GPY medium fermentation of Hypocreales
sp. HLS-104 that was isolated from the sponge Gelliodes carnosa [98]. The sponge
Niphates sp. collected in the South China Sea yielded the fungus Hansfordia
sinuosae. Fermentation of this fungus on solid rice medium led to the isolation of
six caryophyllene-type sesquiterpenes, punctaporonins HÀM (322–327). These
compounds were tested for oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 liver
cells. Punctaporonin K (325) reduced the intracellular level of triglycerides and total
cholesterol in a dose-dependent manner, comparable to the positive control lovastatin (Fig. 18) [99].
Pseudallescheria boydii was isolated from the inner tissue of the soft coral
Lobophytum crassum collected from the Hainan Sanya National Coral Reef Reserve.
Fermentation of P. boydii in liquid GSY medium yielded two aromadendrane
sesquiterpene diastereomers, pseuboydones A and B (328 and 329) (Fig. 19),
which are the first aromadendranes reported from marine fungi [100]. Six additional
aromadendrane sesquiterpenes, scedogiines AÀF (330–335), were obtained from
the liquid GPY medium cultivation of Scedosporium dehoogii F41-4, which was
isolated from the sponge Phyllospongia foliascens collected from Sanya National
Coral Reef Reserve [101]. The fungus Chondrostereum sp. was isolated from the
inner tissue of the soft coral Sarcophyton tortuosum, which was collected from
Sanya Bay off the South China Sea. Fermentation of this fungus in liquid PDB
medium yielded five triquinane sesquiterpenes, chondrosterins AÀE (336–340), and
two hirsutane sesquiterpenes, chondrosterin F (341) and hirsutanol E (342). Further
fermentation of the fungus in the same medium with the addition of glycerol as
carbon source furnished two additional hirsutane sesquiterpenes, chondrosterins I
and J (343 and 344), while fermentation in liquid GPY medium afforded three
additional triquinane sesquiterpenes, chondrosterins KÀM (345–347).
Chondrosterin A (336) showed significant cytotoxic activity against the A549,
CNE2, and LoVo cancer cell lines with IC 50 values of 2.5, 4.9, and 5.5 μM,
respectively. In turn, chondrosterin J (344) exhibited potent cytotoxicity against
the CNE1 and CNE2 cancer cell lines with IC 50 values of 1.3 and 0.6 μM,
Secondary Metabolites from Marine-Derived Fungi from China
111
isolated from the mycelia of this fungus following addition of 50 μM CuCl 2 to the
liquid medium composed of sucrose, yeast extract, silkworm chrysalis, and seawater.
The compounds showed tyrosinase inhibitory activity with IC 50 values of 14.8 and
22.3 μM, respectively, comparable to the positive control kojic acid (IC 50 21.2 μM)
[96]. The fungal strain Aspergillus versicolor dl29 was isolated from the marine
green alga Codium fragile, which was collected off the coast of Dalian. Fermentation
of this fungus in liquid potato dextrose broth medium yielded the sesquiterpene
albican-1,14-diol (317). Albican-1,14-diol (317) exhibited antibacterial activity
against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus at a concentration of 30 μg/
disk with inhibitory diameters of 7 and 10 mm, respectively [97]. Two sesquiterpenes diastereomers, (6-strobilactone-B) esters of (E,E)-6,7-epoxy-2,4-octadienoic
acids (318 and 319), were produced in liquid PDB medium by Aspergillus ustus
cf-42, which was isolated from the marine green alga Codium fragile collected from
Zhoushan Island [86]. Two adinane sesquiterpenes, hypocreaterpenes A and B (320
and 321), were obtained from the liquid GPY medium fermentation of Hypocreales
sp. HLS-104 that was isolated from the sponge Gelliodes carnosa [98]. The sponge
Niphates sp. collected in the South China Sea yielded the fungus Hansfordia
sinuosae. Fermentation of this fungus on solid rice medium led to the isolation of
six caryophyllene-type sesquiterpenes, punctaporonins HÀM (322–327). These
compounds were tested for oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 liver
cells. Punctaporonin K (325) reduced the intracellular level of triglycerides and total
cholesterol in a dose-dependent manner, comparable to the positive control lovastatin (Fig. 18) [99].
Pseudallescheria boydii was isolated from the inner tissue of the soft coral
Lobophytum crassum collected from the Hainan Sanya National Coral Reef Reserve.
Fermentation of P. boydii in liquid GSY medium yielded two aromadendrane
sesquiterpene diastereomers, pseuboydones A and B (328 and 329) (Fig. 19),
which are the first aromadendranes reported from marine fungi [100]. Six additional
aromadendrane sesquiterpenes, scedogiines AÀF (330–335), were obtained from
the liquid GPY medium cultivation of Scedosporium dehoogii F41-4, which was
isolated from the sponge Phyllospongia foliascens collected from Sanya National
Coral Reef Reserve [101]. The fungus Chondrostereum sp. was isolated from the
inner tissue of the soft coral Sarcophyton tortuosum, which was collected from
Sanya Bay off the South China Sea. Fermentation of this fungus in liquid PDB
medium yielded five triquinane sesquiterpenes, chondrosterins AÀE (336–340), and
two hirsutane sesquiterpenes, chondrosterin F (341) and hirsutanol E (342). Further
fermentation of the fungus in the same medium with the addition of glycerol as
carbon source furnished two additional hirsutane sesquiterpenes, chondrosterins I
and J (343 and 344), while fermentation in liquid GPY medium afforded three
additional triquinane sesquiterpenes, chondrosterins KÀM (345–347).
Chondrosterin A (336) showed significant cytotoxic activity against the A549,
CNE2, and LoVo cancer cell lines with IC 50 values of 2.5, 4.9, and 5.5 μM,
respectively. In turn, chondrosterin J (344) exhibited potent cytotoxicity against
the CNE1 and CNE2 cancer cell lines with IC 50 values of 1.3 and 0.6 μM,
Secondary Metabolites from Marine-Derived Fungi from China
111