transcriptional regulation. These epigenetic marks are very dynamic and specific in
their location and context (tissues, diseases, etc.). We review the major enzymes
involved in DNA methylation and oxidation, with a focus on the DNA
methyltransferases and TET enzymes. The principal compounds that inhibit these
enzymes are presented since they will help address these questions.
Keywords DNA hydroxymethylation, DNA methylation, DNMT, Inhibitors, TET
Abbreviations
1-mA
1-Methyl-adenine
2OG
2-Oxoglutarate
3-mC
3-Methylcytosine
3-mT
3-Methyl-thymine
5-aza-C
5-Aza-cytosine
5-azadC
5-Aza-2
0 -deoxycytosine
5-caC
5-Carboxycytosine
5-fC
5-Formylcytosine
5-hmC
5-Hydroxymethylcytosine
5-mC
5-Methylcytosine
5-xC
5-Modified cytosine
6-mA
6-Methyl-adenine
AML
Acute myeloid leukaemia
AM-PD
Active modification-passive dilution
BAH1 and BAH2 Bromo-adjacent homology domains 1 and 2
BER
Base excision repair
CFP1
CpG-binding protein, CXXC finger protein 1
CMML
Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia
CpA
Cytidine pairing adenosine
CpC
Cytidine pairing cytidine
CpG
Cytidine pairing guanosine
CpT
Cytidine pairing thymidine
CXXC
CXXC domain
DMAP domain
DNA methyltransferase-associated protein 1-interacting
domain
DNMT
C5-DNA methyltransferase
DSBH
Double-stranded β-ηelix
EGCG
Epigallocatechin gallate
ELISA
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
EMA
European Medicines Agency
FDA
Food and Drug Administration
FH
Fumarate hydratase
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R. Belle et al.