231
Several points of the Transforming Our World
2030 programme are associated with the elimination of poverty. Experts generally derive the level
of poverty from the level of meeting human
needs. In the modern world needs exceed the provision of conditions necessary for direct subsistence and include the following: food, drinking
water and sanitation, health, housing, education,
employment, participation in cultural and social
public life, and lately access to basic energy supply and transport services is also included.
Considering these, it can be stated that goals
3, 4, 6, 7 and 8 are also directly associated with
the issue of poverty.
Establishing the conditions of a healthy life
(goal 3) was specified as to be achieved by 2000 in
the “Health for All” (HfA) programme of WHO
accepted in 1981. (General basic health service,
significant reduction of mortality of children
younger than 5 years and that of mothers.) Targets
were expanded and made stricter in 1988 (HfA in
the twenty-first century) to be achieved by 2020.
(Mortality of children younger than 5 years is to
be reduced by 66%, that of mothers is to be
reduced by 75%, stop the spreading of AIDS,
TBC and malaria.) Transforming Our World 2030
integrated the goals of HfA-21 and plans to reduce
the consequences of narcotics and alcohol consumption and traffic accidents as well.
It has to be noted that the programme hardly
focuses on establishing the conditions of healthy
life. This would be preventing problems: by providing healthy living conditions (healthy eating,
appropriate hygiene, healthy houses, etc.). These
occur partly in further programme points.
The slogan general secondary education for
everyone in the Transforming Our World 2030
programme has little effect on its own. Documents
of the Education World Forum and the
Development Targets at the Millennium specify
only basic education for everyone by 2015. This
was not achieved though. Therefore, it seems to
be overoptimistic to achieve the expansion of
secondary school education over youths of the
complete population on the Earth. Another heavy
task is to eliminate illiteracy and nescience to calculate among adult people. The latter is not set
among the targets but considers its reduction
important. The fact that even the minimum conditions of basic education are missing in many
countries or in certain regions has to be faced as
well. It is also important what is taught in schools.
(Content of education is discussed in detail in
Sect. 6.2.)
Water supply and sanitation (goal 6) were
severe problems for one third of the Earth’s population as early as 1980. By the end of the
“International drinking water supply and sanitation decade” (1981–1990), the solution of the
problem was set, but this was impossible.
Millennium Development Goals included more
moderate results by 2025. The ratio of people
lacking access to clean water was reduced to half,
but still more than 2 billion people cannot live in
hygienic conditions. Transforming Our World
2030 programme aims to provide both healthy
drinking water and healthy conditions for
everyone.
Providing affordable energy for everyone
(goal 7) includes access to transport services.
The requirement that secure and sustainable
energy and traffic systems have to be established
emphasises the environmental protection side of
the problem. Access to energy and traffic services
appears among fundamental human rights reflecting a completely new view. (UN dedicated 2012
to “Sustainable energy for everyone”.) Nowadays,
electricity supply cannot reach around 1.3 billion
people. In a huge country like India around 600
million people have no access to electricity.
According to the opinion of the authors, photovoltaic electricity could have a significant role in
supplying electricity to scattered settlements and
this could be even less expensive than constructing electricity cable networks nowadays.
Unemployment and the lack of sensible
employment represent a global problem. Making
efforts for total employment, as a target for the
distant future can be found in the base document
of UN as well. The World Bank—2030 sets a particular date to the realisation of full employment
and the elimination of forced labour and children
labour (goal 8).
This can be realised only if sustainable economic development becomes general. The situation is made even more difficult by that scientific
6.1 Sciences and the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of UN
Several points of the Transforming Our World
2030 programme are associated with the elimination of poverty. Experts generally derive the level
of poverty from the level of meeting human
needs. In the modern world needs exceed the provision of conditions necessary for direct subsistence and include the following: food, drinking
water and sanitation, health, housing, education,
employment, participation in cultural and social
public life, and lately access to basic energy supply and transport services is also included.
Considering these, it can be stated that goals
3, 4, 6, 7 and 8 are also directly associated with
the issue of poverty.
Establishing the conditions of a healthy life
(goal 3) was specified as to be achieved by 2000 in
the “Health for All” (HfA) programme of WHO
accepted in 1981. (General basic health service,
significant reduction of mortality of children
younger than 5 years and that of mothers.) Targets
were expanded and made stricter in 1988 (HfA in
the twenty-first century) to be achieved by 2020.
(Mortality of children younger than 5 years is to
be reduced by 66%, that of mothers is to be
reduced by 75%, stop the spreading of AIDS,
TBC and malaria.) Transforming Our World 2030
integrated the goals of HfA-21 and plans to reduce
the consequences of narcotics and alcohol consumption and traffic accidents as well.
It has to be noted that the programme hardly
focuses on establishing the conditions of healthy
life. This would be preventing problems: by providing healthy living conditions (healthy eating,
appropriate hygiene, healthy houses, etc.). These
occur partly in further programme points.
The slogan general secondary education for
everyone in the Transforming Our World 2030
programme has little effect on its own. Documents
of the Education World Forum and the
Development Targets at the Millennium specify
only basic education for everyone by 2015. This
was not achieved though. Therefore, it seems to
be overoptimistic to achieve the expansion of
secondary school education over youths of the
complete population on the Earth. Another heavy
task is to eliminate illiteracy and nescience to calculate among adult people. The latter is not set
among the targets but considers its reduction
important. The fact that even the minimum conditions of basic education are missing in many
countries or in certain regions has to be faced as
well. It is also important what is taught in schools.
(Content of education is discussed in detail in
Sect. 6.2.)
Water supply and sanitation (goal 6) were
severe problems for one third of the Earth’s population as early as 1980. By the end of the
“International drinking water supply and sanitation decade” (1981–1990), the solution of the
problem was set, but this was impossible.
Millennium Development Goals included more
moderate results by 2025. The ratio of people
lacking access to clean water was reduced to half,
but still more than 2 billion people cannot live in
hygienic conditions. Transforming Our World
2030 programme aims to provide both healthy
drinking water and healthy conditions for
everyone.
Providing affordable energy for everyone
(goal 7) includes access to transport services.
The requirement that secure and sustainable
energy and traffic systems have to be established
emphasises the environmental protection side of
the problem. Access to energy and traffic services
appears among fundamental human rights reflecting a completely new view. (UN dedicated 2012
to “Sustainable energy for everyone”.) Nowadays,
electricity supply cannot reach around 1.3 billion
people. In a huge country like India around 600
million people have no access to electricity.
According to the opinion of the authors, photovoltaic electricity could have a significant role in
supplying electricity to scattered settlements and
this could be even less expensive than constructing electricity cable networks nowadays.
Unemployment and the lack of sensible
employment represent a global problem. Making
efforts for total employment, as a target for the
distant future can be found in the base document
of UN as well. The World Bank—2030 sets a particular date to the realisation of full employment
and the elimination of forced labour and children
labour (goal 8).
This can be realised only if sustainable economic development becomes general. The situation is made even more difficult by that scientific
6.1 Sciences and the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of UN