786 Modern Food Microbiology
Thermophilic anaerobe spoilage, of canned foods, 436
criteria for spores, 511
Thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH), 537, 659–660
bioassays, 660
related hemolysin, 664
thermal D values, 659
Thermostable nuclease, 241, 244–246, 552
enterococci, 244
minimum detectable, 244
numbers of cells, 245
thermal D value, 244, 554
Thermoultrasonication. See manothermosonication.
Thermus spp., 388
Thiabendazole, 331
Thielaviopsis spp., 134
T. paradoxa, 135
Thiol-activated toxins,
aerolysin, 734
cereolysin, 583–584
ivanolysin O, 603
listeriolysin O, 610
perfringolysin O, 603
pneumolysin O, 603
streptolysin O, 603
Thompson, S., 7
Thumba, 188
Thymol, 53
Tibi, 188
Tir, defined, 536
Titratable acidity, 165
defined, 164
Tofu, 199
Top fermentation, 150, 183
“Torula” spp.,
“T. cremoris.” See Candida kefyr.
“T. globosa”, 436
“T. glutinis”, 180
“T. kefyr.” See Candida
“T. lactis-condensi”, 436
“T. stellata”, 436
butter, 167
eggs, 198
pink sauerkraut, 180
sugars, 204
Torulaspora spp., 17, 31, 34
T. delbrueckii, 34
D value, 426
T. hansenii. See Debaryomyces
Torulopsis spp., 17, 66
T. candida, 323. See also Candida famata.
T. holmii, See Candida
T. stellata. See Candida
T. versitilis, 461
Total volatile bases, 118, 474–475
Tourne disease, 184
Toxic shock syndrome toxins, 546, 557
Toxocara spp., 697
Toxoflavin, 191
Toxoplasma spp., 520, 680
T. gondii, 17, 19, 525, 532, 683–686
sites of pathogenesis, 525
cats, 683
control, 686
Toxoplasmosis, 683–686
Transmissible spongiform
encephalopathies, 737, 739
Travelers’ diarrhea, 650, 663
Trematoda, 690
Trichinella spp., 697
T. nativa, 698
T. pseudospiralis, 698
T. spiralis, 8, 77, 697–702
drying survival, 446
fermented sausage, 176
freezing destruction, 403, 700–701
microwave cooking, 701–702
site of pathogenesis, 525
thermal destruction, 700
Trichinellida, 697
Trichinosis, 697–702
control/prevention, 700–702
from fermented sausage, 176
prevalence, 697–699
Trichoderma spp.,
T. pseudokoningii, 722
T. viride, 207–208
Trichosporon spp., 17, 32, 34, 66, 102
T. cutaneum, 207
T. pullulans, 34
a w minimum, 46, 445
seafoods, 110
Trichothecenes, 29
Trichothecium spp., 17, 28, 30
T. roseum, 30
Trimethylamine, 117, 474–475
Trimethylamine-N-oxide, 116–117
Trogotrematidae, 690
Trophozoites, 680–683
Tsunami™, 317–318
T-2 toxin, 255
Turbatrix aceti, 696
Turbidity of beers, 183
Thermophilic anaerobe spoilage, of canned foods, 436
criteria for spores, 511
Thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH), 537, 659–660
bioassays, 660
related hemolysin, 664
thermal D values, 659
Thermostable nuclease, 241, 244–246, 552
enterococci, 244
minimum detectable, 244
numbers of cells, 245
thermal D value, 244, 554
Thermoultrasonication. See manothermosonication.
Thermus spp., 388
Thiabendazole, 331
Thielaviopsis spp., 134
T. paradoxa, 135
Thiol-activated toxins,
aerolysin, 734
cereolysin, 583–584
ivanolysin O, 603
listeriolysin O, 610
perfringolysin O, 603
pneumolysin O, 603
streptolysin O, 603
Thompson, S., 7
Thumba, 188
Thymol, 53
Tibi, 188
Tir, defined, 536
Titratable acidity, 165
defined, 164
Tofu, 199
Top fermentation, 150, 183
“Torula” spp.,
“T. cremoris.” See Candida kefyr.
“T. globosa”, 436
“T. glutinis”, 180
“T. kefyr.” See Candida
“T. lactis-condensi”, 436
“T. stellata”, 436
butter, 167
eggs, 198
pink sauerkraut, 180
sugars, 204
Torulaspora spp., 17, 31, 34
T. delbrueckii, 34
D value, 426
T. hansenii. See Debaryomyces
Torulopsis spp., 17, 66
T. candida, 323. See also Candida famata.
T. holmii, See Candida
T. stellata. See Candida
T. versitilis, 461
Total volatile bases, 118, 474–475
Tourne disease, 184
Toxic shock syndrome toxins, 546, 557
Toxocara spp., 697
Toxoflavin, 191
Toxoplasma spp., 520, 680
T. gondii, 17, 19, 525, 532, 683–686
sites of pathogenesis, 525
cats, 683
control, 686
Toxoplasmosis, 683–686
Transmissible spongiform
encephalopathies, 737, 739
Travelers’ diarrhea, 650, 663
Trematoda, 690
Trichinella spp., 697
T. nativa, 698
T. pseudospiralis, 698
T. spiralis, 8, 77, 697–702
drying survival, 446
fermented sausage, 176
freezing destruction, 403, 700–701
microwave cooking, 701–702
site of pathogenesis, 525
thermal destruction, 700
Trichinellida, 697
Trichinosis, 697–702
control/prevention, 700–702
from fermented sausage, 176
prevalence, 697–699
Trichoderma spp.,
T. pseudokoningii, 722
T. viride, 207–208
Trichosporon spp., 17, 32, 34, 66, 102
T. cutaneum, 207
T. pullulans, 34
a w minimum, 46, 445
seafoods, 110
Trichothecenes, 29
Trichothecium spp., 17, 28, 30
T. roseum, 30
Trimethylamine, 117, 474–475
Trimethylamine-N-oxide, 116–117
Trogotrematidae, 690
Trophozoites, 680–683
Tsunami™, 317–318
T-2 toxin, 255
Turbatrix aceti, 696
Turbidity of beers, 183