774 Modern Food Microbiology
Mycobacterium spp., 18, 143
M. avium subsp. avium, 160
M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, 160, 415
M. avium subsp. silvaticum, 160
M. flavescens, 143
M. fortuitum, 114
M. gordonae, 143
M. nonchromogenicum, 114
M. simiae, 143
M. tuberculosis,
thermal destruction, 158, 415
milkborne, 160
Mycoplasma line, 591
Mycotoxins, 28, 709–722
aflatoxins, 709–722
alternaria toxin, 715
citrinin, 715–721
fumonisins, 718–721
ochratoxins, 716
patulin, 716–717
penicillic acid, 717
sambutoxin, 721–722
sterigmatocystin, 718
zearalenone, 722
Myoglobin, 106, 307
Myoviridae, 264
Myroides spp., 23, 114, 749
Myxoviridae, 264
N
Nadsonioideae, 31
Naja, 167
Nannocystis exedens, 714
Nam-pla, 178
Nam-ruoc, 179
Natamycin, 328–329
Necrotic enteritis, 570
Neisseriaceae, 25
Nematoda, 697
Neonatal meningitis, 732
Neosartorya spp., 28
N. fischeri, 28, 30, 436
thermal D value, 30, 42
Nernst equation, 51
Nesterenkonia spp., 24, 747
Neurospora spp., 30, 66
N. crassa, 49
N. intermedia, 29
N. sitophila, 187, 192
Newton, 5
New York dressed poultry, 90
Ngapi, 178
Nisin, 6, 302, 336–339
effect on C. botulinum, 304, 307
mode of action, 338
relative unit, defined, 337
Nitrites/nitrates, 302, 306–312
and sorbate, 304, 309–310
meat curing, 101–103, 308–309
mode of action, 311–312
o-Nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside, 248,
250
Nitrosamines, 309
in bacon, 101, 380
Nitrosomyoglobin, 307
Nocardia spp., 208
Nonagglutinating vibrios, 661, 663
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid, 321
Noroviruses, defined, 730–731
disease prevalence, 520
travellers’ diarrhea, 650
Norwalk virus, 8, 539
PCR detection, 259
Nosocomial infections, 26
Nucleic acid probes, 257–261
colony hybridization, 257–258
minimum detectable cells, 257–258
stx1 and stx2 toxins, 258
Nuoc-mam, 178
Nurmi concept. See competitive exclusion.
Nutmeats, 205
Nutrients, effect on growth, 52–53
O
Oak tree deaths, 135
O antigens, defined, 251
Obesumbacterium. See Flavobacterium proteus.
Ochratoxins, 712, 716
maximum allowable levels, 712
Ochrobacter spp., 749
Oenococcus spp., 150
O. oeni, 152, 185
Ogi, 187, 190
Oidium lactis. See Geotrichum.
Oligella spp., 749
Olives, 180–181, 187
Oncom. See Ontjom.
ONPG, 248–250
Ontjom, 30, 192
Oocysts, 683, 687, 689
Mycobacterium spp., 18, 143
M. avium subsp. avium, 160
M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, 160, 415
M. avium subsp. silvaticum, 160
M. flavescens, 143
M. fortuitum, 114
M. gordonae, 143
M. nonchromogenicum, 114
M. simiae, 143
M. tuberculosis,
thermal destruction, 158, 415
milkborne, 160
Mycoplasma line, 591
Mycotoxins, 28, 709–722
aflatoxins, 709–722
alternaria toxin, 715
citrinin, 715–721
fumonisins, 718–721
ochratoxins, 716
patulin, 716–717
penicillic acid, 717
sambutoxin, 721–722
sterigmatocystin, 718
zearalenone, 722
Myoglobin, 106, 307
Myoviridae, 264
Myroides spp., 23, 114, 749
Myxoviridae, 264
N
Nadsonioideae, 31
Naja, 167
Nannocystis exedens, 714
Nam-pla, 178
Nam-ruoc, 179
Natamycin, 328–329
Necrotic enteritis, 570
Neisseriaceae, 25
Nematoda, 697
Neonatal meningitis, 732
Neosartorya spp., 28
N. fischeri, 28, 30, 436
thermal D value, 30, 42
Nernst equation, 51
Nesterenkonia spp., 24, 747
Neurospora spp., 30, 66
N. crassa, 49
N. intermedia, 29
N. sitophila, 187, 192
Newton, 5
New York dressed poultry, 90
Ngapi, 178
Nisin, 6, 302, 336–339
effect on C. botulinum, 304, 307
mode of action, 338
relative unit, defined, 337
Nitrites/nitrates, 302, 306–312
and sorbate, 304, 309–310
meat curing, 101–103, 308–309
mode of action, 311–312
o-Nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside, 248,
250
Nitrosamines, 309
in bacon, 101, 380
Nitrosomyoglobin, 307
Nocardia spp., 208
Nonagglutinating vibrios, 661, 663
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid, 321
Noroviruses, defined, 730–731
disease prevalence, 520
travellers’ diarrhea, 650
Norwalk virus, 8, 539
PCR detection, 259
Nosocomial infections, 26
Nucleic acid probes, 257–261
colony hybridization, 257–258
minimum detectable cells, 257–258
stx1 and stx2 toxins, 258
Nuoc-mam, 178
Nurmi concept. See competitive exclusion.
Nutmeats, 205
Nutrients, effect on growth, 52–53
O
Oak tree deaths, 135
O antigens, defined, 251
Obesumbacterium. See Flavobacterium proteus.
Ochratoxins, 712, 716
maximum allowable levels, 712
Ochrobacter spp., 749
Oenococcus spp., 150
O. oeni, 152, 185
Ogi, 187, 190
Oidium lactis. See Geotrichum.
Oligella spp., 749
Olives, 180–181, 187
Oncom. See Ontjom.
ONPG, 248–250
Ontjom, 30, 192
Oocysts, 683, 687, 689