752 Modern Food Microbiology
meats, 65, 102
ready-to-eat foods, 201
Alfalfa sprouts. See seed sprouts.
Aflatoxins, 78, 709–715
degradation, 714
effect of SO 2 , 306
ELISA detection, 254
F. aurantiacum effects, 714
hepatitis B virus, 714
LD 50 , 713
legal limits, 712
milk, 159
potency in humans, animals, 714
production, 710–712
structures, 710
toxicity, 713–714
Agar drop method, 223
Agar overlay method, 228
Agar syringe/agar “sausage” methods, 228
Agaricus spp., 207
A. bisporus, 582
AgClor, 318
Aggregate-hemagglutination, 242
Agrobacterium spp., 748
A. tumefaciens, 131, 536
Air and dust, organisms in, 30
L-alanine-p-nitroanilide, 249–250
Alarm water content, 446
Alcaligenes spp., 16–18, 21, 397, 749
A. faecalis, 40–41
A. eutrophus (see also Wautersia), 208
A. viscolactis, 161
bacon, 108
cottage cheese, 167
eggs, 198
fish, 110
livers, 65, 87
meats, 65, 102
Ale. See beers.
Aleuriospores, 445
Alicyclobacillus spp., 21, 40, 416, 424, 430, 436,
747
A. acidocaldarius, 43
pH range, 43
A. acidoterrestris, 422
D value, thermal, 423
HHP effects, 462
Allicin, 53
Allyl isothiocyanate, 53, 319, 335
Alternaria spp., 17, 28
A. alternata, 715
A. citri, 135, 715
a w minimum, 46, 445
A. solani, 715
A. tenuis, 135
A. tenuissima, 715
bacon, 108
butter spoilage, 167
fruit spoilage, 135
meats, 66, 102
pickle spoilage, 182
Alternariol, 715
Alternariol monomethyl ether, 715
Alternate sigma factor. See sigma factors
Alteromonas spp., 16, 18, 26, 28, 397, 748–749
A. colwelliana. See Shewanella
A. putrefaciens. See Shewanella
Altertoxin-I, 715
Amaricoccus spp., 749
Amebiasis/amebic dysentery, 682–683
Ames assay, 715
Aminobacter spp., 25, 748–749
Amnesic shellfish poisoning, 740–741
Amoebida, 680
Amphibacillus spp., 424, 748
Amplified fragment length polymorphism, 265
AmpliSensor, 258
Anaerobacter spp., 424, 747
A. polyendosporus, 423
Anamorph, defined, 27
Aneurinibacillus spp., 21, 424, 747
Animal feeds, 20, 621
Animal hides, 20
Anisakiasis, 7, 702–704
prevalence, 703–704
prevention, 704
Anisakinae, 697
Anisakis spp., 697
A. simplex, 463, 702–704
Antagonism. See microbial interference
Anthracnose, 29, 133–135
Anthrax, 158, 519
Antibiotics, 327–330
monensin, 328
natamycin, 328
subtilin, 330
tetracyclines, 329–330
tylosin, 330
structures, 329
Antibotulinal hurdles, 341
Antioxidants, 321–322
Anton test, 290
Aphasmidia, 697
Apicomplexa, 680
meats, 65, 102
ready-to-eat foods, 201
Alfalfa sprouts. See seed sprouts.
Aflatoxins, 78, 709–715
degradation, 714
effect of SO 2 , 306
ELISA detection, 254
F. aurantiacum effects, 714
hepatitis B virus, 714
LD 50 , 713
legal limits, 712
milk, 159
potency in humans, animals, 714
production, 710–712
structures, 710
toxicity, 713–714
Agar drop method, 223
Agar overlay method, 228
Agar syringe/agar “sausage” methods, 228
Agaricus spp., 207
A. bisporus, 582
AgClor, 318
Aggregate-hemagglutination, 242
Agrobacterium spp., 748
A. tumefaciens, 131, 536
Air and dust, organisms in, 30
L-alanine-p-nitroanilide, 249–250
Alarm water content, 446
Alcaligenes spp., 16–18, 21, 397, 749
A. faecalis, 40–41
A. eutrophus (see also Wautersia), 208
A. viscolactis, 161
bacon, 108
cottage cheese, 167
eggs, 198
fish, 110
livers, 65, 87
meats, 65, 102
Ale. See beers.
Aleuriospores, 445
Alicyclobacillus spp., 21, 40, 416, 424, 430, 436,
747
A. acidocaldarius, 43
pH range, 43
A. acidoterrestris, 422
D value, thermal, 423
HHP effects, 462
Allicin, 53
Allyl isothiocyanate, 53, 319, 335
Alternaria spp., 17, 28
A. alternata, 715
A. citri, 135, 715
a w minimum, 46, 445
A. solani, 715
A. tenuis, 135
A. tenuissima, 715
bacon, 108
butter spoilage, 167
fruit spoilage, 135
meats, 66, 102
pickle spoilage, 182
Alternariol, 715
Alternariol monomethyl ether, 715
Alternate sigma factor. See sigma factors
Alteromonas spp., 16, 18, 26, 28, 397, 748–749
A. colwelliana. See Shewanella
A. putrefaciens. See Shewanella
Altertoxin-I, 715
Amaricoccus spp., 749
Amebiasis/amebic dysentery, 682–683
Ames assay, 715
Aminobacter spp., 25, 748–749
Amnesic shellfish poisoning, 740–741
Amoebida, 680
Amphibacillus spp., 424, 748
Amplified fragment length polymorphism, 265
AmpliSensor, 258
Anaerobacter spp., 424, 747
A. polyendosporus, 423
Anamorph, defined, 27
Aneurinibacillus spp., 21, 424, 747
Animal feeds, 20, 621
Animal hides, 20
Anisakiasis, 7, 702–704
prevalence, 703–704
prevention, 704
Anisakinae, 697
Anisakis spp., 697
A. simplex, 463, 702–704
Antagonism. See microbial interference
Anthracnose, 29, 133–135
Anthrax, 158, 519
Antibiotics, 327–330
monensin, 328
natamycin, 328
subtilin, 330
tetracyclines, 329–330
tylosin, 330
structures, 329
Antibotulinal hurdles, 341
Antioxidants, 321–322
Anton test, 290
Aphasmidia, 697
Apicomplexa, 680